- HỆ THỐNG LOGISTICS TẠI BA LAN VÀ CẠNH TRANH TOÀN CẦU LOGISTICS SYSTEM IN POLAND AND GLOBAL COMPETITION. - The aim of the study was to assess the attractiveness of the Polish logistics system to internal and external investors in the national, international and global stage, with a focus on the creation of logistics centers. - The economic turbulence that has occurred in the last few years determines a particularly difficult period to take on new challenges and business decisions. - This, in turn, forces the search for such geographic locations in which the execution of business processes is burdened with as little risk as possible at the lowest cost of logistics operations. - "Logistics and supply chain performance is a vital aspect in the supply chain management of any organization today and with the age of globalization;. - Logistics centers are seen as a factor in the economic development of the region enabling efficient distribution of services, goods and information, marking crucial point of the development of modern logistics system. - At the same time, the creation and improvement of centers of this type is conditioned by the location of the region, convenience of legal or economic regulations in the country, etc.. - This in turn affects the availability of logistics centers for external and internal entities, which is important to ensure continuity of flow in the supply chain on an international and global scale. - The number of logistics centers in the distribution network has a direct impact on the cost of the final product (Tomić et al., 2014). - Research conducted by Hilmola and Lorentz made it possible to specify the ten most important criteria for optimal location of logistics centers, including (Chen and Notteboom, 2012):. - Lukasik consider the attractiveness of Poland in the sector of TSL (Transport-Spedition-Logistics) services within the field of developing a marketing strategy. - Porter's five forces analysis and scoring for attractiveness of the sector, perceiving the logistics attractiveness as "the creation of a competitiveness which leads to increased investment in the sector by external capital inflows or by investments done by existing business entities". - The authors specify facilitating and reducing the cost of supplies and the provision of passenger transport as key determinants of the attractiveness of the country's logistics system.. - Favorable trends are also recorded in the growth in demand for storage real estate in the country. - More than 680 thousand m² of warehouse and industrial space was leased in the first quarter of 2016, the best result in the last decade (Olszewski and Ciupek, 2016).. - Ensuring appropriate conditions for the implementation of logistics system, including the creation of logistic centers affects country’s economic development, at both national and local level (Kot, 2014).. - Components of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI). - The complexity of the logistics system, including logistics centers, cargo, warehousing, border checks, payment systems, and many other functions, requires the implementation of a range of research, analysis and calculations. - The decision about the creation of another logistics center in the country seems to be difficult and long-term (Stević et al., 2015).. - In order to facilitate this process, it is possible to use the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), whose task is to measure the efficiency of the logistics system in the country based on a survey conducted among carriers and shippers operating on a global scale. - The LPI includes an assessment of six areas affecting the level of logistics performance (The World Bank, 2015), i.e.:. - Cumulative results for individual areas enabled the division of the 160 countries studied into five groups of logistics performance (Figure 1). - Accord etherlands a oland, again orld leaders Germ arket is in th Below untries with In the he top asses. - and therefo of logistics t performer s seen as "lo. - he LPI val m, where in countries i g to the Ge e of the wo. - lues, the b ndividual co in the world. - of the timel. - cally-adapte of the indic almost 80%. - s of the fut ogistics cen most impor al scale, inc es than the m. - n of the LPI. - lue of the o n of logistic. - Moreover, comparing the results of the logistics performance of individual areas to previous years, improvement of logistics conditions can be observed at least in almost every area under consideration. - No significant improvement was only recorded in the case of logistics regulations. - In the case of assessment of transport infrastructure elements, more than half of shippers highly or very highly assessed the level of water, rail and air infrastructure.. - Table 2: Selected indicators in the first category of logistics performance. - Deviation of the individual elements from the overall LPI in the given category. - Improvements of logistics performance in specific areas. - High quality of logistics services. - Consequently, the quality of logistics services performed by individual branches and components of transport infrastructure has been mostly assessed as high, only in the case of rail transport and consignees and shippers, quality is was rarely assessed highly.. - Poland, located within the first category of the LPI values, is characterized by high levels of efficiency of logistics system. - Below, individual indices are presented enabling the assessment of Poland in the framework of logistical efficiency. - Analyzing the LPI indicators for individual areas of logistics performance in Poland, a particularly high level of efficiency is recorded with respect to the frequency of deliveries on time. - Assessing the effectiveness of exports by sea and air and land, it is clearly observed that shipping costs are much lower in the first case as well as the waiting time for delivery is shorter. - The same is the situation in the case of transport of imports. - At the same time, 95% of the deliveries carried out on Polish territory meet all quality criteria. - Consignments are accompanied by a low percentage of customs controls, thus increasing the capacity of the logistics system.. - The transport infrastructure of a country and the availability of transport and air corridors are the natural focus of flows of goods and storage of goods, thus determining the location of logistics centers. - Infrastructure development also provides the basic connectivity of international supply chains, facilitating the functioning and development of logistics centers. - The level of use of infrastructure in the country against the background of the EU can be observed in the volume of cargo (Table 4).. - Table 4: The share of the freight volume of goods in Poland in relation to the total traffic realized in the European Union under the various modes of transport. - Participation of goods transport by rail in Poland to EU . - Participation of goods transport by road in Poland to EU . - Participation of goods transport by inland waterway in Poland to EU. - Participation of goods air transport in Poland to EU c.a. - Analyzing the level of the transport of goods in Poland in relation to the level of transport across the Union, it is recorded that railway infrastructure is the most commonly used for the transport of an average of 14% of the total of all cargos. - Assessment of the Outsourcing Business Potential in Poland and in EU Countries. - Improvement of the logistics performance in Poland is also recorded within the Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector. - The BPO Index and Shared Service Location Index enable the analysis of the following factors (Cushman and Wakefield, 2015): Customer Contact Centers, Shared Services Centers, Technical Support Centers, Sales, Marketing and Support, which should be considered when taking a decision on business processes outsourcing in the country. - In terms of the attractiveness of outsourcing, Poland was ranked the 18th in 2015 among 36 countries selected from all over the world.. - Table 5 presents the ranking of leaders and the location of Poland in each category of the BPO Index and Shared Service Location Index, as compared to selected EU countries of similar economic development.. - In the. - of the highe of the over erms of the services, Li l of langu e costs of o this categor. - of the cou A. - h a similar of ordered company of g the attrac vailability o According to over Germ ts developm. - In the ca Poland is r nt, commun with relativ which deals oland is bu rvice Locatio Costs (inc Cost of La Building C Inflation, Costs) El Salvad 10 20 8 20. - compared to of the leas tics centers.. - The study showed that the high flow performance in the supply chain in Poland stems from its geographical location which provides access to sea and rivers. - The high value of the LPI also highlights the dynamic development of road infrastructure and the reduction of customs procedures, thus affecting greater transport scalability.. - The static analysis points to the fact that a significant participation of the total goods transported in the EU is transported in Poland by rail. - The assessment of the implementation of Polish outsourcing business takes an average location in terms of locations for outsourcing services both in terms of technical and related costs. - Definitely, the high economic, corporate and political risks affect the limitations of the BPO sector in Poland.. - To sum it up, worldwide, Poland is one of the most attractive countries for national and international shippers and carriers. - Simultaneously, striving for further development and catching up with the logistics of the most developed countries, such as Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, requires taking up actions in the modernization of railway infrastructure, legal regulations in the field of construction law and better preparation of technological information facilities for the use of outsourcing. - (2014), Connecting to Compete, Trade Logistics in the Global Economy, The Logistics Performance Index and Its Indicators, Report.. - (2014), Visions of the future: Transportation and Logistics 2030.. - Cushman and Wakefield’s comprehensive global report – Where in the World? Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) &. - (2015), The selection of the logistics center location using AHP method, 2nd Logistics International Conference, Serbia.. - (2015), Poland's shared service industry as one of the fastest growing sectors of modern business services in Central Eastern Europe, “International Journal of Business and Globalisation”, 15(2).. - (2014), The Selection of Logistic Centers Location Using Multi- Criteria Comparison: Case Study of the Balkan Peninsula, “Acta Polytechnica Hungarica”, 11(10).
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