- Take one clause from each of the two columns below to make one sentence. - After the United States was established, laws with penalties were passed by several states to prevent thoughtless waste of the forests. - Find the synonym of the words:. - Before USA was founded laws with penalties were passed by several states to prevent thoughtless waste of the forests.. - What was the content of the ordinance passed in 1620?. - After the flood, the………..of the river banks changed so much.. - For example, the wood of yellow poplar and basswood is much softer than that of the longleaf pine.. - the leaf of the surrounding environment very carefully how unfamiliar plant. - Feel the texture of the leaves. - Trees are also classified by the positions of their crowns relative to the general level of the forest canopy, the covering created by the crowns interweaving each other.. - Intermediate: A small-crowned tree crowded into the general level of the forest canopy, receiving some light from above and virtually none from the sides.. - Foresters refer to a measure of the number and size of trees in a given area as stand density. - Can you find the synonym of the following words?. - Basing on the crowns of trees that are relative to the general level of the forest canopy, trees can be classified into four types.. - Definitions often take one of the following forms:. - A soil profile [ A ] is defined as a succession of soil horizons [ B ] which extends from the surface of the soil to the parent rock.. - Extends from the surface of the soil to the parent rock. - Lead to the interior of the leaf and the chloroplasts Enable sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into food and other substances. - Measured at one point three five metres from the surface of the soil.. - The whole- the tree and its associates- can be imagined as a guild or waru (the Australian Aboriginal word waru expresses the sense of all organisms belonging together and working co-operatively.) the tree provides habitat for the animals (shelter, food, nesting materials). - Trees with small fine leaves can “trap” the load and deposit the nutrients for their own growth. - Typically, in a forest about 60% of the windstream is deflected up and over the trees. - The deflected wind is compressed in a region up to 20 times the height of the tree canopy. - The forest edge is essential to the lift of the wind. - The species growing on the edge are dense, small-leaved and thick-stemmed, and can withstand the force of the wind. - In these conditions dense rainforests will grow and the condensation from leaf surface can be 80-86% of the total precipitation.. - The rest of the rain- the throughfall- drifts through the canopy as mist and droplets. - What is the definition of the term “waru”?. - Forest………..is one of the main causes that lead to floods. - The presence of forest………....the flow of streams. - Rainfalls………....the underground water table. - ………results in flooding of the main rivers.. - After the United States were established, laws with penalties were passed by several states to prevent thoughtless waste of the forest.. - There must be some movement of air through a windbreak or the wind forms into eddies, which can be quite destructive, on the other side of the barrier. - The principle is to create the equivalent of the forest “edge” which will lift the wind up and over the area you wish to protect. - Preparation of the soil.. - The working………of the workers has been much improved. - The………..….of the city is very effective. - In Thailand, elephants are used to………….…..the logs. - It is very difficult to………..…the shifting cultivation. - increases the moisture of the land. - reduce the moisture of the land 6. - On the other stand, fires……..the regeneration and growth of new forests.. - They are separated from the rest of the sentences by commas.. - Most of the plant roots are found in the topsoil.. - Fungi attack the aerial parts of the crop, the leaves, stems etc. - The quantity of fertilizer or manure depends on the fertility of the soil and the nutrients. - The relative pronoun and the form of verb to be can be omitted and with, the -ing form of the verb, past participle, adjective or noun may be used instead.. - The seed trees should be carefully selected to be the best of the stand and be well distributed over the cut area. - It is the altering of the form of specific trees, rather than their complete removal. - Such trees are removed to recover some of the loss and to possibly forestall outbreak of an epidemic.. - Low thinning is removal of the smaller individual trees, which leaves the larger ones more room. - Crown thinning is freeing the crowns of the best and biggest trees. - The inflation has been……….……as the root cause of the economic crisis.. - It is vital task for us to………..….the natural forests. - What is the result of the completion of thinning?. - In brief, measurement is a strategic part of forest management and consists of the following specific works:. - the width of the stem of a tree (paragraph 2) B/ Find the word from the text to fill in the blank:. - Before the start of the project, there should be a careful field. - To reduce the cost of the product, management must be considered. - According to his proposal, the social………..….of the problem should be solved first. - Measurements are……….the management of a forested area.. - Tree diameters are measured by one of the…….dendrometers.. - the logging foreman should have a thorough understanding of the costs of these operations. - The chance of each method is dependent on specific conditions of the harvesting sites. - Coordination of the different phrases of harvesting work is. - The……..must be sure of the costs of these operations. - Most of the damages from insects take place during the insects’ growth (developing) period and some species produce several generations a year. - Boring insects can be found where a fine wood powder called frass is seen at the base of the tree. - insects that eat the outside layer of the stem 6. - The developing period of the insects causes most of the………to the. - ……..destroy the tips of the twigs, buds and shoots.. - Most of the destruction from insects happens during. - Frass seen as the base of the tree can be used to determine the existence of…………. - When does most of the damage from insects take place?. - Use the comparative of the words in parentheses. - The cross walls of the cell have disappeared and the longitudinal walls. - in a ring near the outside of the stem.. - The parasitic diseases are caused by organisms that live within various parts of nutrients from it while contributing nothing to the well-being of the tree. - These mycelia dissolve the tree’s cell walls and convert them and the contents of the cell into food. - The American chestnut once was one of the most important and useful eastern trees. - Very widespread, it often accounted for as much as one half of the trees in many forest stands. - The Dutch elm disease is an example of the wilt disease. - White pine blister rust and the fusiform rusts of the southern pines are the most important. - Simply put, the disease is spread by the movement of spores from infected currant or gooseberry bushes to the needles of the pines. - Working in the roots and butt of the tree, they weaken the tree, making it susceptible to windthrow, and reduce its growth. - Spores of the heart-rotting must enter through breaks in the bark. - In the oldgrowth conifer forests of the West, a 50 to 60 percent loss of volume to rot is not common.. - What are the 3 large groups of the fungal diseases?. - What is the life cycle of the rusts like?. - How do spores of the heart-rotting fungi enter the heart wood?. - The vegetative stage of the life cycle of a typical fungus starts with the. - the thinking of the young generation.. - Use of the fire tower for spotting fires in their early stages has been of great value in this country.. - The location of the fire is indicated where the lines on sight from the various points of observation intersect. - it may be just a campfire of the burning of rubbish. - From the time that a fire is first discovered to the time control actions can be applied, four events must happen: discovery of the fire. - The stolen car was……….……in the forest 100 kilometers west of the city.. - How is the location of the fire indicated?. - What are the advantages and disadvantages of the employment of planes in detecting fires?
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