Tìm thấy 12+ kết quả cho từ khóa "Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes"
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. Disorders of Adhesion. Two main types of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) have been described, LAD 1 and LAD 2. Both are autosomal recessive traits and result in the inability of neutrophils to exit the circulation to sites of infection, leading to leukocytosis and increased susceptibility to infection (Fig.
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. Metabolic disorders—ketoacidosis, acute renal failure, eclampsia, acute poisoning. Inherited and acquired abnormalities of phagocyte function are listed in Table 61-3. The resulting diseases are best considered in terms of the functional defects of adherence, chemotaxis, and microbicidal activity. features of the important inherited disorders of phagocyte function are shown in Table 61-4.. Table 61-3 Types of Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders.
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. In this benign disorder, the majority of granulocytes. The nucleus frequently has a spectacle-like, or "pince-nez,". In severe acute bacterial infection, prominent neutrophil cytoplasmic granules, called toxic granulations, are occasionally seen. 61-3), can be seen during infection and are fragments of ribosome-rich endoplasmic reticulum.
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. Disorders of the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. Many disorders of neutrophils extend to mononuclear phagocytes. Thus, drugs that suppress neutrophil production in the bone marrow can cause monocytopenia. Transient monocytopenia occurs after stress or glucocorticoid administration. Monocytosis is associated with tuberculosis, brucellosis, subacute bacterial endocarditis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malaria, and visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar).
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CC chemokines such as MIP-1 attract lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils. the CXXXC chemokine fractalkine attracts neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells. These molecules and their receptors not only regulate the trafficking and activation of inflammatory cells, but specific chemokine receptors serve as co- receptors for HIV infection (Chap
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The most common neutropenias are iatrogenic, resulting from the use of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapies for malignancy or control of autoimmune disorders. These drugs cause neutropenia because they result in decreased production of rapidly growing progenitor (stem) cells of the marrow.
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These patients, and patients with phagocytic cell dysfunction, should avoid heavy exposure to airborne soil, dust, or decaying matter (mulch, manure), which are often rich in Nocardia and the spores of Aspergillus and other fungi.. However, complications of bone marrow transplantation are still serious, and with rigorous medical care many patients with phagocytic disorders can go for years without a life-threatening infection.
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Monocytes leave the circulation by diapedesis more slowly than neutrophils and have a half-life in the blood of 12–24 h.. After blood monocytes arrive in the tissues, they differentiate into macrophages ("big eaters") with specialized functions suited for specific anatomic. 17 and 308) has many functions, including initiating fever in the hypothalamus, mobilizing leukocytes from the bone marrow, and activating lymphocytes and neutrophils.
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The most dramatic hypereosinophilic syndromes are Loeffler's syndrome, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, Loeffler's endocarditis, eosinophilic leukemia, and idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome µL).. The idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome represents a heterogeneous group of disorders with the common feature of prolonged eosinophilia of unknown cause and organ system dysfunction, including the heart, central nervous system, kidneys, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.
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The neutrophil with a sausage-shaped nucleus in the center of the field is a band form. Döhle bodies are discrete, blue-staining nongranular areas found in the periphery of the cytoplasm of the neutrophil in infections and other toxic states.. Figure 61-4. Normal granulocyte.. The normal granulocyte has a segmented nucleus with heavy, clumped chromatin. fine neutrophilic granules are dispersed throughout the cytoplasm.. Figure 61-5
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Congenital forms of neutropenia include Kostmann's syndrome (neutrophil count <100/µL), which is often fatal due to mutations in the anti-apoptosis gene HAX-1. the cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome due to mutations in the mitochondrial RNA-processing endoribonuclease RMRP.
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A decrease in the number of blood neutrophils is called neutropenia
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Disorders of Smell, Taste, and Hearing. Disorders of the Sense of Taste. Disorders of the sense of taste are caused by conditions that interfere with the access of the tastant to the receptor cells in the taste bud (transport loss), injure receptor cells (sensory loss), or damage gustatory afferent nerves and central gustatory pathways (neural loss) (Table 30-2)..
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Glucocorticoids can provide symptomatic relief but do not alter the course of the illness.. Inherited Disorders of the Vessel Wall. Patients with inherited disorders of the connective tissue matrix, such as Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and pseudoxanthoma elasticum, frequently report easy bruising. Inherited vascular abnormalities can result in increased bleeding.
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Qualitative Disorders of Platelet Function. Inherited Disorders of Platelet Function. Inherited Disorders of Platelet Dysfunction: Treatment. Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
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Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall. Disorders of production may be either inherited or acquired. In evaluating a patient with thrombocytopenia, a key step is to review the peripheral blood smear and to first rule out "pseudothrombocytopenia,".
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Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall. Approach to the Patient: Thrombocytopenia. The history and physical examination, results of the CBC, and review of the peripheral blood smear are all critical components in the initial evaluation of the thrombocytopenic patients (Fig. The overall health of the patient and whether he/she is receiving drug treatment will influence the differential diagnosis.
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Disorders of the Vessel Wall. The vessel wall is an integral part of hemostasis, and separation of a fluid phase is artificial, particularly in disorders such as TTP or HIT that clearly involve the endothelium as well. Inflammation localized to the vessel wall, such as. vasculitis, or inherited connective tissue disorders are abnormalities inherent to the vessel wall.
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Disorders of the Sense of Hearing. Hearing loss can result from disorders of the auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear, or central auditory pathways (Fig. An algorithm for the approach to hearing loss. HL, hearing loss. sensorineural hearing loss. TM, tympanic membrane. Conductive Hearing Loss.
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Approach to the Patient: Disorders of the Sense of Smell. Anosmic patients usually complain of a loss of the sense of taste even though their taste thresholds may be within normal limits. The physical examination should include a thorough inspection of the ears, upper respiratory tract, and head and neck. For example, one of the items reads,. The test is highly reliable, is sensitive to age and sex differences, and provides an accurate quantitative determination of the olfactory deficit.