Tìm thấy 20+ kết quả cho từ khóa "fuel cells"
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In addition to individual portable consumer electronic products, the other po- tential market for micro fuel cells is as battery chargers.. There is great opportunity for micro fuel cells in the military market where there is an aggressive requirement. Table 1 The power demand of the different portable applications. Micro fuel cells can compete in this segment at high prices, if the requirements satisfy the application.. Portable or Micro Fuel Cell Types Reformed Hydrogen Fuel Cells.
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The road map of the project is shown in Figure 12.. state of the art in MCFC rules in marine applications;. state of the art in desulfurization and fuel reforming in marine applications;. FC, fuel cell. SOFC, solid oxide fuel cell. MCFC, molten carbonate fuel cell.. Figure 12 Road map of the molten-carbonate fuel cells for waterborne application (MC-WAP) project..
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AFC alkaline fuel cell. FC fuel cell. Fuel Cells – Alkaline Fuel Cells: Cells and Stacks. Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Direct Methanol: Overview;. Fuel Cells – Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Overview;. Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction. Fuel Cells – Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells: Overview. Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Cells. Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Overview. Alcaide F, Cabot PL, and Brillas E (2004) Useful chemicals and electricity from fuel cells.
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Accordingly, most of the companies developing fuel cells running on hydrocarbon fuels for soldier-worn applications are also developing fuel cells for this larger portable class. However, two major obstacles in the reforming of logistic diesel fuel still need to be addressed.
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Often the electrical efficiency of a galvanic cell or supercapacitor is also called energy efficiency as heat generation is never a useful by-product of the operation of galvanic cells or supercapacitors:. This definition may readily be extended to fuel cells provided that the ‘electrical energy supplied’ refers to the enthalpy DH of the fuel.
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No serious efforts are known to date on the development of molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs), alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), or phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) for resi- dential fuel cell systems. Typical Fuel Cell System Design. Inputs to a fuel cell CHP system are fuel, ambient air, auxiliary energy (mainly in the form of electricity), and necessary-makeup water for the fuel processor.
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Proceedings of the 6th Grove Fuel Cell Symposium Fuel Cells – The Competitive Option for Sustainable Energy Supply, pp. De Francesco M and Arato E (2002) Start-up analysis for automotive PEM fuel cell systems. Fuel Cell Power for Transportation
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In addition, demonstrations of fuel cell buses in various cities around the world show that the technical requirements can be achieved.. The fuel cell drive strategy takes account of the typical driving patterns of a city bus. In the case of fuel cell buses, a hybrid drive train consists of fuel cells and batteries. When the bus travels at a constant speed, the power for the electric motor comes from the fuel cell..
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Alkaline fuel cells, vis-a`-vis acid systems such as PAFC and PEMFC, employ a different chemical mech- anism of oxygen reduction at the cathode, the rate-lim- iting process in a hydrogen–oxygen (air) fuel cell.. noble catalysts are also adequate, and at the typically high potassium hydroxide concentration of 54%, the boiling point of the electrolyte is very high. Fuel cell. Figure 3 Computer-aided design model of completed fuel cell hybrid switch (shunt) locomotive.
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Backup Power – Early Market for Proton- Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells?. They are compact and lightweight and can be refueled, thereby offering extended backup power for long periods of time.. It is commercially available for backup power applications.
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They are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy with high efficiency, because their effectiveness is independent of the Carnot cycle of a heat engine. 4 Similar to other fuel cells, SOFC systems consist of the electrodes (anode and cathode) and an electrolyte.
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The history of the 200-kW IFC prototype on-site units is given in Fuel Cells – Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells:. This included a 5 metric ton reduction in the weight of the Toshiba-designed inverter. In the same time frame, Toshiba was to produce a modified unit. The low acoustic and atmos- pheric emissions of the PC25 were an advantage. Figure 6 Architectural drawing of the proposed 400-kW UTC Power phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) unit.
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fuel cell active area, n cells the number of cells in the fuel cell stack, F the Faraday number, MW H2 the mo- lecular weight of hydrogen, V the potential of oxygen reduction reaction, Z the efficiency, and V 0 the standard cell voltage.
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ENERGY FROM THE PAST HYDROGEN FUEL CELLS. Wal-Mart has purchased hydrogen fuel cell–powered forklifts for its main warehouse. Postal Service has some vehicles that use hydrogen fuel cells. the city of Sao Paolo, Brazil, introduced the first hydrogen fuel–powered public transportation bus in. Bicycles powered by hydrogen fuel cells have been sold in parts of Asia since 2007. Electric bicycles powered with hydrogen fuel cells can go as fast as 15 miles (24 kilometers) per hour.
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In addition, the FC-powered scooters can have more than three times the fuel effi- ciency of gasoline-powered two-stroke ICE scooters.. The FC achieved full power almost instantaneously at room temperatures and in less than 60 s at –25 1 C. The FC stack contained 40 cells and was cooled by liquid water. Two batteries rated at 12 V and 12 Ah were used to assist the FC during ac- celeration and hill climbing. Hydrogen was fed to the stack in a dead-ended con- figuration.
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Figure 1-1 Schematic of an Individual Fuel Cell. Because of the limitation on the operating. Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC): The electrolyte in this fuel cell is concentrated (85 wt%) KOH in fuel cells operated at high temperature (~250qC), or less concentrated (35-50 wt%) KOH for lower temperature (<120qC) operation. 1.3 Fuel Cell Plant Description. Figure 1-5 Fuel Cell Power Plant Major Processes. Fuel Cell Power Plant.
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Challenges in this area include a fundamental understanding of fuel cell and fuel cell hybrid steady-state and dynamic perform- ance, enhancing system and component RAMD, and increasing the power density of the fuel cell to facilitate system integration. develop fuel cells that operate at higher and lower temperatures to facilitate fuel cell staging,.
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Decolorization of the tex- tile dyes by newly isolated bacterial strains. doi: 10.1016/S . fuel cell. Fast detection and quantification of Escherichia coli using the base principle of the microbial fuel cell. A review of the substrates used in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for sustainable energy production. Microbial fuel cells:. doi: 10.1016/B
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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells have attracted many interests in solving of the environmental problems due to their advantages over other fuel cells in terms of the clean and efficient power generation and lower operating temperature.
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See also: Applications – Portable: Military: Batteries and Fuel Cells. Portable Devices: Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells – Alkaline Fuel Cells: Overview. Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells;. Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells: Catalysts. Direct Ethylene Glycol Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells – Exploratory Fuel Cells: Microbial Fuel Cells. Sodium Borohydride Fuel Cells. Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction. Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells:. History: Fuel Cells..