Tìm thấy 19+ kết quả cho từ khóa "Upper Respiratory Tract Infections"
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Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections: Introduction. Infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs) have a tremendous impact on public health.
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Gonzales R et al: Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for treatment of nonspecific upper respiratory tract infections in adults: Background. Hickner JM et al: Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute rhinosinusitis in adults: Background. Rafei K et al: Airway infectious disease emergencies. Schwartz B et al: Pharyngitis—principles of judicious use of antimicrobial agents. Wenzel RP et al: Acute bronchitis
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Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Upper Respiratory Infections: Treatment. Antibiotics have no role in the treatment of uncomplicated nonspecific URI. In the absence of clinical evidence of bacterial infection, treatment remains entirely symptom-based, with use of decongestants and nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs.
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Pharyngitis, Sinusitis, Otitis, and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Antibiotic treatment of pharyngitis due to S. pyogenes confers numerous benefits, including a decrease in the risk of rheumatic fever. The magnitude of this benefit is fairly small, however, since rheumatic fever is now a rare disease, even among untreated patients. When therapy is started within 48 h of illness onset, however, symptom duration is also decreased.
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Unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing for upper respiratory tract infections in children in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.. A study on drug prescribing pattern in upper respiratory tract infections among children aged 1–12 years. Inappropriate antibiotic prescription for respiratory tract indications: most prominent in adult patients. Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in Dutch primary care in relation to patient age and clinical entities.
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Infections Due to the HACEK Group and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacteria. kingae has been the third most common cause of septic arthritis in children <24 months of age. kingae infections with bacteremia are associated with upper respiratory tract infections and stomatitis. kingae colonization and primary herpes—a major cause of stomatitis—peak in children 6–48 months of age. Infective endocarditis, unlike other infections with K. Endocarditis Caused by HACEK Organisms: Treatment.
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Infections of the Deep Neck Structures. Deep neck infections are usually extensions of infection from other primary sites, most often within the pharynx or oral cavity. Many of these infections are life-threatening but are difficult to detect at early stages when they may be more easily managed. Three of the most clinically relevant spaces in the neck are the submandibular (and sublingual) space, the lateral pharyngeal (or parapharyngeal) space, and the retropharyngeal space.
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Nearly all major respiratory viruses have been implicated in acute viral laryngitis, including rhinovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, coxsackievirus, coronavirus, and RSV. Acute laryngitis can also be associated with acute bacterial respiratory infections, such as those caused by group A.
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Tooth pain, most often involving the upper molars, is associated with bacterial sinusitis, as is halitosis.. In acute sinusitis, sinus pain or pressure often localizes to the involved sinus (particularly the maxillary sinus) and can be worse when the patient bends.
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Acute Pharyngitis. the majority of cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by typical respiratory viruses.. A wide variety of organisms cause acute pharyngitis. Acute HIV infection can present as acute pharyngitis and should be considered in high-risk populations.. pyogenes, which accounts for ~5–15% of all cases of acute pharyngitis in adults.
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Viral infections (especially with herpes viruses). Renal disease. Upper respiratory tract infections. A side effect of medication is the single most common cause of taste dysfunction in clinical practice. Xerostomia, regardless of the etiology, can be associated with taste dysfunction.. It is associated with poor oral clearance and poor dental hygiene and can adversely affect the oral mucosa, all leading to dysgeusia.
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Infections of the Ear and Mastoid. Infections of the ear and associated structures can involve both the middle and external ear, including the skin, cartilage, periosteum, ear canal, and tympanic and mastoid cavities. Infections of the External Ear Structures. Infections involving the structures of the external ear are often difficult to differentiate from noninfectious inflammatory conditions with similar clinical manifestations.
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Recurrent acute otitis media (more than three episodes within 6 months or four episodes within 12 months) is generally due to relapse or reinfection, although data indicate that the majority of early recurrences are new infections.
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Infections of Middle-Ear Structures. Otitis media is an inflammatory condition of the middle ear that results from dysfunction of the eustachian tube in association with a number of illnesses, including URIs and chronic rhinosinusitis. Acute otitis media results when pathogens from the nasopharynx are introduced into the inflammatory fluid collected in the middle ear (e.g., by nose blowing during a URI). the development of the typical signs and symptoms of acute middle-ear infection..
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Cultures and rapid diagnostic tests for other causes of acute pharyngitis, such as influenza virus, adenovirus, HSV, EBV, CMV, and M. pneumoniae, are available in some locations and can be used when these infections are suspected.. The diagnosis of acute EBV infection depends primarily on the detection of antibodies to the virus with a heterophile agglutination assay (monospot slide test) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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The infec- tious disease groups included mycoses (ICD-9-CM codes upper respiratory tract infections (ICD- 9-CM codes 460.X-466.X, 475.X), lower respiratory tract infections (ICD-9-CM codes 480.X-489.X, 490.X, 510.X, 513.X), infections of the kidney and urinary tract (ICD- 9-CM codes X), and skin infections (ICD-9-CM codes 680.X-686.X, 695.5).. General patient health was measured using Part A and B Medi- care spending in the year prior to the index shoulder date,.
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The patient should be questioned about factors that might help identify a nidus for invasive infection, such as recent upper respiratory tract infections, influenza, or varicella. and the presence of foreign bodies, such as nasal packing after rhinoplasty, barrier contraceptives, tampons, arteriovenous fistulas, or prosthetic joints.. Travel, contact with pets or other animals, or activities that might result in tick exposure can lead to diagnoses that would not otherwise be considered..
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Serous Otitis Media. In serous otitis media (otitis media with effusion), fluid is present in the middle ear for an extended period and in the absence of signs and symptoms of infection. These chronic effusions are often associated with a significant hearing loss in the affected ear. The great majority of cases of otitis media with effusion resolve spontaneously within...
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Most patients with a diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis based on clinical grounds improve without antibiotic therapy. The preferred initial approach in patients with mild to moderate symptoms of short duration is therapy aimed at facilitating sinus drainage, such as oral and topical decongestants, nasal saline lavage, and—in patients with a history of chronic sinusitis or allergies—nasal glucocorticoids. Adult patients who...
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combined with rhinorrhea for discrimination of viral from bacterial infections in hospitalized adults in non-intensive care units with lower respiratory tract infections. Background: Whether procalcitonin (PCT) or C-reactive protein (CRP) combined with certain clinical characteristics can better distinguish viral from bacterial infections remains unclear.