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Barbara Dykes. Practical tools for learning and teaching grammar. ACER Press. for Everyone. Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd 19 Prospect Hill Road, Camberwell, Victoria, 3124 www.acerpress.com.au. [email protected] Text © Barbara Dykes 2007. Design and typography © 2007 ACER Press. Except under the conditions described in the Copyright Act 1968 of Australia and subsequent amendments, and any exceptions permitted under...
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A comma before the word ‘and’ 86. 16 More about verbs 108. 17 Participles 116. Present participles 116. The present perfect tense 122. The past perfect tense 122. The future perfect tense 123. 19 More about adjectives and adverbs 128. Numeral adjectives 128. Indefinite adjectives 128. Quantitative adjectives 128. Adverbs modifying other parts of speech 130. 27 Clause analysis 177....
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David Crystal, author of The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language, wrote, ‘In the popular mind, grammar has become difficult and distant, removed from real life, and practised chiefly by a race of shadowy people (grammarians) whose tech- nical apparatus and terminology require a lengthy novitiate before it can be mastered … It is a shame because the fundamental point...
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in the present, past or future). It is important, too, to be aware of some of the principles, or at least guidelines for the way we use our voices and thereby convey the purpose of our utterance. Oh no! Mick’s just fallen in the fishpond. As teachers, we need to be highly conscious of the potential for ambiguity that exists...
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18 GrAMMAr for eVerYone. They can be useful additions to student information, providing examples, summaries and reference material, but for maximum learning, discussion activities and constructing their own sentences and charts is important.. The end product of instruction should be greater knowledge and increased skill. For example, in teaching about adjectives the students need skill in using adjectives effectively in...
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For example:. Correct – The choir was rehearsing in the chapel.. Incorrect – The choir were rehearsing in the chapel.. for example: beauty, greed, intelligence. for example: joy, misery, neglect.. for example: duty, aggression.. for example: conversation, pause.. For example: an act of rudeness, willpower.. For such words, we insert the vowel sound ‘e’ for ease of pronunciation.
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Note, too, how the article (the word for ‘the’) in these examples has a feminine and a masculine form. Dictate words which the students write in the appropriate column. They then add the counterpart of each word in the other column. Students are given sentences in the singular which they then trans- late into plural.. Students are given sentences in...
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give the meaning of the word ‘pronoun’. For example, the section on finite and non-finite verbs comes naturally at the end of the first section. Finite and non-finite verbs. For example:. Verbs are of two kinds, non-finite or finite. Non-finite means not complete. Non-finite verbs also do not show a sense of time, i.e. 3.1 Activities: finite and non-finite verbs....
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1st person I gave I give I shall/will give. 2nd person You gave You give You will give. 3rd person He/she gave He/she gives He/she will give. 1st person We gave We give We shall/will. 3rd person They gave They give They will give. Students complete the table with the verb ‘to sing’.. 1st person I shall. 2nd person. 3rd...
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For example:. ‘The true poet is easily distinguished from the false when he trusts himself to the simplest expression and writes without adjectives.’. And Mark Twain wrote: ‘As to the adjective, when in doubt, strike it out.’ 1. The middle years will be especially important for training them in selectivity and adapting language to the purpose of the writing. The...
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Henry James remarked in one of his letters, ‘I’m glad you like adverbs – I adore them. Adverbs of time (‘when’ adverbs). Adverbs of place (‘where’ adverbs). Adverbs of manner (‘how’ adverbs). Interrogative adverbs (‘question’ adverbs). Comparative adverbs (‘comparing’ adverbs)
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Students are given a chart, or better still they draw one in their A. grammar exercise books. Sentences, each containing an adverb, are written down the left-hand side. Three columns to the right are headed Time, Place and Manner. Students mark the adverb in each sentence, then enter it into the correct column, for example:. Students are given several adverbs...
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they dropped their ice-cream in the gutter … b. For example:. What’s the time (question) f. In the case that there is more than one possibility, as in the word ‘book’, the student must qualify it. Dad sings loudly in the shower
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Possession expresses the idea that something belongs to someone or some other thing, and omission represented by the apostrophe is actually the contraction of the word ‘has’.. So the apostrophe sits on its own and the second. The dogs’ dishes … The boys’ careers. the Apostrophe. ‘The horse’s trainer’ sounds the same as ‘the horses’ trainer’, so it is clearer...
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of the cat. Inverted commas. “My favourite book is ‘The Goblet of Fire’, by J.K. Some modern texts choose to use these marks the opposite way round, as in ‘My favourite book is “The Goblet of Fire”, by J.K.. Rowling’s The Philosopher’s Stone:. Checklist: inverted commas. inVerted coMMAs. A large man article adjective noun. adverb verb article adjective noun 93....
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Definition: The word ‘object’ is from Latin ob meaning ‘against’. The concept of the direct object is very straightforward. That of the indirect object is also, provided it is taught in sequence and well explained in examples. So ensure that students fully understand the term direct object before you introduce the indirect object.. The direct object. In simple terms, the...
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The trick is to think how it would be said before you add in the other person.. Mum lost [her and] me in the shopping centre.. The complement. Definition: The word ‘complement’ is from Latin complere, meaning ‘to fill’ or ‘complete’. an understanding of the terms direct object and indirect object. After our recent study of subject and object, the...
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The subject of a sentence must match its verb. Uncountable forms are mainly in the singular.. Too much rain floods (sing.) the river. Transitive and intransitive verbs. Before studying transitive and intransitive verbs, students should know:. 16.2 Activities: transitive and intransitive verbs. Select (mark or list) the transitive verbs in the following passage.. In two minutes, students think of as...
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While the present participle is easy to recognise, the past participle can be tricky, as it is often confused with the past tense. Common errors occur with such verbs as ring – past tense rang, past participle rung. The present participle is formed by adding -ing to the base verb form.. Remember – the ‘ing’ form on its own is...
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past tense past participle. This tense shows that an action will have been completed at some time in the future.. They will have driven 200 km by the time they arrive.. 1st I had hidden I have hidden I shall have hidden 2nd You had hidden You have hidden You will have. hidden 3rd He/she/it had. He/she/it has hidden. He/she/it...