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Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 120

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the world population is predicted to reach 10 billion by the middle of the twenty-first century, while the world’s two largest countries by population (China and India) are expected to increase their per capita energy use by three to five times during the same time.. The world is in the process of transitioning to an al- ternative energy future, with...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 121

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Volume/capacity bbl 7,056 cubic inches. Volume/capacity bbl 31 to 42 gallons. Volume/capacity bsh or bu 2,747.715 cubic inches 1.278 bushels, struck measure Bushel. Volume/capacity bsh or bu 2,150.42 cubic inches 35.238 liters. Centigram Mass/weight cg 0.15 grain. Centimeter, cubic Volume/capacity cm 3 0.061 cubic inch. Centimeter, square Area cm 2 0.155 square inch. Cup Volume/capacity C 250 milliliters. Deciliter Volume/capacity...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 122

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Rod, square Area rd 2 25.293 square meters. Tablespoon Volume/capacity T or tb 3 teaspoons. 4 fluid drams. Teaspoon Volume/capacity t or tsp 0.33 tablespoon. 1.33 fluid drams Ton. Mass/weight t 2,240 pounds. 1.12 net tons 1.016 metric tons Ton. Mass/weight t 1,000 kilograms. 2,204.62 pounds 0.984 gross ton 1.102 net tons Ton. Mass/weight t 2,000 pounds. 0.893 gross ton...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 123

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South Korea. Beginning in the late twentieth century, South Korea’s economy rapidly expanded, ranking second interna- tionally in growth, because of industrial development and income from such resources as semiconductors.. Because South Korea lacks sufficient metal and min- eral resources, government and business representa- tives seek agreements with North Korean officials to extract and use resources from that country’s abun-...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 124

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In 2009, British scientists presented a design for a gravity tractor that would fly close to an asteroid sur- face and, through gravitational influence alone, over perhaps fifteen years, make changes in the orbital path of such a body. Space Enterprise: Living and Working Offworld in the Twenty-first Century. Celestial Navigation in the GPS Age. Energy Strategies—Toward a Solar Future:...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 125

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The piston was connected to a rod that emerged from the top of the engine, and steam was fed into the cylinder below the piston. A chain connected the piston rod to one end of a piv- oted beam suspended above the engine, and the other end of the beam was connected to a pump that drew water up from...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 126

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At Founex, and again at Stockholm, the de- veloping countries of the south charged the north with using environmental issues to restrict their eco- nomic growth. Another dispute that surfaced at Stockholm was a result of the Cold War. The Stockholm Conference was attended by 114 coun- tries, representing the larger part of the world’s popu- lation. The 109-point Stockholm...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 127

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The use of heavy machinery in the twentieth century led to an enormous expansion of dam construction, especially in the United States and Russia.. In recent years, a growing recognition has devel- oped in the United States that certain dams should be considered for demolition because of problems with salmon runs. and changes in the temperature of the water that...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 128

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the mole- cule forms a bridge between the water-soluble sulfo- nate end and the grease-soluble carbon end, allowing greasy dirt to be rinsed away. “Sulfur.” In Chemistry of the Elements. “Sulfur.” In Industrial Minerals and Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses.. “Group 16: The Chalcogens—Oxygen, Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium, and Polonium.” In Main Group Chemistry. New York: Wiley, 2000.. Sulfur in the...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 129

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had expressed interest in the project, but a dispute over the ownership of genetic resources led to a de- lay. Space in the vault is available free of charge to all govern- ments and institutions, and the GCDT pays packaging and shipping costs for developing countries. Seeds must have originated in the depositor’s country or be freely available under provisions...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 130

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Instead, the global recession that was ignited by the rising cost of OPEC oil resulted in a steep drop in the demand for oil and a crash in oil’s price—to a low of approxi- mately $7 a barrel in the mid-1980’s.. $7.2 billion of the SFC’s initial $20 billion authoriza- tion. Most of the country’s oil, gas, and power needs...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 131

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His- torically, the Pyrenees Mountains of France were a major source of talc and contributed to the beginning of the cosmetic’s industry in that country.. The talc is then shoveled out of the mine in order to be crushed. How- ever, high-grade talcs, such as those used in the phar- maceutical industry, require treatment with various chemical compounds.. In the...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 132

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Natural gas production (2007 est. 25.4 billion m 3 Natural gas consumption (2007 est. 35.3 billion m 3 Natural gas exports (2007 est. Natural gas imports (2007 est. Natural gas proved reserves ( Jan. Synthetic rubber has competed against natural rubber for markets, impact- ing Thailand’s rubber industry, which has suffered declining prices and lost income. Tin deposits stretch from...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 133

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The second problem was solved by using the turbines as pumps, making it possible to use surplus electricity to fill the reservoir behind the dam to a greater depth than the highest level of the tides. The operating policy of this plant was to optimize the value of the power produced rather than maximizing the amount. In the decades after...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 134

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has shown that the lead from the older types of cap- sules contaminated some of the wines and that corks posed a potential health hazard. The lead-based cap- sules were banned in Europe in 1993 and in the United States in 1996. “The Mineralogy of Economic De- posits.” In Introduction to Mineral Exploration, edited by Charles J. “Germanium, Tin, and...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 135

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participation could open attractive markets for some of Turkey’s less developed resources.. It also shares a portion of the Balkan Peninsula, with borders with Greece and Bulgaria in southeastern Europe. The eastern third of the country is mountainous. Turkey’s population remains unevenly distributed, with higher concentrations in the western portion and sparse population density in the mountainous regions to the...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 136

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Raises are driven only in special situations, because they require specialized machinery that can be operated in the confines of an underground mine.. The continuous miner replaces the coal cutter, coal drill, explosives, and loading machine in the con- ventional mining configuration, needing only a roof. In room and pillar mining, pillars can be extracted later in the life of...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 137

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Sciences of the United States of America 104, no. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A . United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations Con- vention on the Law of the Sea. United Nations Con- vention to Combat Desertification. United Nations Environment Programme. United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The conservation of...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 138

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Principles of the U.N. Article 1 lists nine definitions of major terms used in the convention. The heart of the convention is Article 4. Annex I parties comprise forty-one developed countries, including the most industrialized nations in the world, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Russia, and the European Economic Community. Annex II parties are a subset...

Encyclopedia of Global Resources part 139

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The scientific and resource management accomplish- ments of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are global in their applications. The policy of westward expansion of the early United States created the need for more precise maps and an accurate assessment of the mineral wealth and natural resources of these lands. In 1803, Thomas Jefferson authorized the purchase of the Louisiana...