Có 20+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "cơ chế điều trị"
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Progressive hypertrophy and heart failure in b 1 -adrenergic receptor transgenic mice. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism . Cloning of the cDNA for the human b 1 -adrenergic receptor. Effects of aging and caloric restriction on the gene expression of Foxo1, 3, and 4 (FKHR, FKHRL1, and AFX) in the rat skeletal muscles. Signalling pathways that mediate skeletal...
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Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness. Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting. Age-Related Remodeling of Neuromuscular Junctions. Age-Related Decline in Actomyosin Structure and Function. in Aging Skeletal Muscle. Skeletal Muscle Collagen: Age, Injury and Disease. Age-Related Changes in the Molecular Regulation. of Skeletal Muscle Mass. Genetic Variation and Skeletal Muscle Traits:. Proteomic and Biochemical Profiling of Aged Skeletal Muscle. Age-Related...
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and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Neuroscience Programs, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA. [email protected] Pamela Donoghue. Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA [email protected]. Nutrition Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory,...
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Journal of the American Geriatrics Society . The role of b -adrenoceptor signal- ing in skeletal muscle: therapeutic implications for muscle wasting disorders. Emerging drugs for sarcopenia: age-related muscle wasting. Update on emerging drugs for sarcopenia – age-related muscle wasting.. Therapeutic approaches for muscle wasting disorders. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related skeletal muscle wasting and weakness. Proceedings of the...
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The dissolution of the fat mass is the result of three different altered processes. First, there is an increase in lipolytic activity (Thompson et al. In addition, in human cancer cachexia there is a decreased antilipolytic effect of insulin on adipocytes together with an increased responsiveness to cat- echolamines and atrial natriuretic peptide (Agustsson et al. Second, an important decrease...
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A better understanding of the role of cytokines interfering with the molecular mechanisms accounting for protein wasting in skeletal muscle is essen- tial for the design of future effective therapeutic strategies. Cancer cachexia is regulated by selective targeting of skeletal muscle gene products.. The Journal of Clinical Investigation . Apoptosis in skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle apoptosis and weight loss in...
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Age-related changes result from reductions in physical activity, loss of motor neurons, and decreased muscle fiber size (sarcopenia). The properties of motor neurons and muscle fibers are precisely matched. In addition, motor unit recruitment in a selective manner is a primary mechanism by which the nervous system controls muscle contraction. Thus, it is essential to consider motor unit (and muscle...
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and/or IIb fibers is greater than at type I and IIa fibers (see below). Mitochondrial volume density is also greater at presynaptic terminals innervating type I and IIa fibers compared to those innervating type IIx and/or IIb fibers, possibly reflect- ing the metabolic requirements of increased activation of these presynaptic ter- minals. Taken together with the greater number of cycling...
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in the growing population of elderly citizens and an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impaired motor function is needed for several reasons (Mahoney et al. Third, a significant proportion of frail elderly people have to use all their muscle power even to rise from a chair, and an additional small impairment in muscle function may dramatically change their...
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Speed of contraction typically refers to (a) the duration of the isometric twitch, i.e., the contraction and half-relaxation times, or (b) the maximum velocity of unloaded shortening determined by isotonic measurements and fitted with the Hill equation or calculated from slack-test data. The capacity for calcium release and recapture by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the key factor determining the duration...
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The extent of age-related physiological and molecular changes is dependent on many factors. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight cellular, molecular, and biochemi- cal changes that contribute to age-related muscle dysfunction, specifically age-related changes in the interaction between the contractile proteins myosin and actin.. The fiber is composed of a bundle of myofibrils, each being a linear array...
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Figure 7 is a representation of the low-field EPR spectra collected during maximal isometric contraction. After collection, the 38-gauss low-field EPR spectra are analyzed to determine the fraction of myosin heads in the strong-binding struc- tural state (x) during muscle contraction. For each experiment (e.g., fiber bundle), the spectrum obtained during maximal isometric contraction (V Con ) are analyzed as...
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These oxidative modifications lead to functional changes in various types of proteins, which have substantial physiological impact. Specifically, the accumulation of damaged proteins is dependent upon the balance between many different processes including: (1) the rate of ROS synthesis by any one of the numerous mechanisms. 12 Oxidative Stress. ‘Oxidative stress’ is a disturbance in the prooxidant–antioxidant balance in favor...
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Creatine kinase, carbonic anhy- drase III, b-enolase, actin, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 are susceptible to CML-modification, with b-enolase showing an accumulation of CML with age in skeletal muscle. The significance of glycation of other skeletal muscle proteins on muscle func- tion is unknown, yet in vitro studies show that glycation decreases myosin and actin interactions (Ramamurthy et al. The...
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These preliminary results support the conclusion that IGF-1 regulates DHPRa 1S transcription in muscle cells by acting on the CREB element of the promoter (Zheng et al. We hypothesize that these effects are mediated by the direct action of IGF-1 on muscle cells, perhaps via activation of satellite cells (Barton-Davis et al.. This work demonstrates that induced overexpression of IGF-1...
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However, transgenic overexpression of IGF-1 in the central nervous system does not improve excitation-contraction cou- pling or neuromuscular performance in the mouse (Ye et al. These expression patterns suggest that IGF-1 exerts autocrine and paracrine effects in the CNS in addition to its previously described paracrine (muscle-derived) actions on spinal cord motor neurons. Through the previously described mechanisms, these changes...
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Amongst the most visible of these changes is a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, a process that begins in approximately the 5th to 6th decade of life (Lexell et al. There is an abundance of studies examining the involvement of mitochondria in aging, including their role in the functional and structural deterioration of skeletal...
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burdens of mtDNA damage at the whole muscle level and very much higher fractions of muscle fibers exhibiting complex IV enzyme activity deficiency, and yet in these patients neither individual muscle fibers lacking complex IV activity (Fig. 6) nor their muscles as a whole are grossly atrophied relative to healthy individuals of the same age (Jacobs 2003). Chabi et al....
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Skeletal muscle aging in F344BN F1-hybrid rats: I. Skeletal muscle aging in F344BN F1-hybrid rats: II. Long-term caloric restriction abro- gates the age-related decline in skeletal muscle aerobic function. The molecular basis of skeletal muscle atrophy. Association of age-related mito- chondrial abnormalities with skeletal muscle fiber atrophy. Diminished contraction-induced intracellular signaling towards mitochondrial biogenesis in aged skeletal muscle. 157 Alterations...
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Petrof et al. The presence of inflammatory cells is increased in skeletal muscle from patients with DMD and in mdx mice. Spencer et al. 1997), and eosinophils (Cai et al.. Furthermore, Wehling et al. Moreover, their levels have been reported to be increased in muscular dystrophy (Bernasconi et al.. Iannaccone et al. Lundberg et al. Murakami et al. Porreca et...