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Heat Transfer Handbook part 40

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Hertz elastic parameter, dimensionless combination parameter, dimensionless contact spot density, 1/m 2. Q heat transfer rate, W. R g thermal resistance ofgap, K/W. R c ∗ combination ofterms, dimensionless R g ∗ combination ofterms, dimensionless R j ∗ combination ofterms, dimensionless R r ∗ combination ofterms, dimensionless. α 2 accommodation coefficient, dimensionless β combination ofterms, dimensionless. fluid property parameter, dimensionless...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 41

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P., Augi, R., and Lee, S. Heat Transfer . Song, S., Lee, S., and Au, V. Thermal Constriction Resis- tance ofa Disc with Arbitrary Heat Flux: Finite Difference Solutions in Oblate Spheroidal Coordinates, AIAA-74-690, AIAA/ASME 1974 Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Confer- ence, Boston, July 15–17.. Heat-Transfer and Density Distribution Measure- ments between Parallel Plates in the Transition Regime, Phys. Thermal...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 42

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Cross Section Diagram. The hydraulic diameter of the round tube coincides with the tube diameter. The hydraulic diameter of the channel formed between two parallel plates is twice the spacing between the plates. For cross sections shaped as regular polygons, D h is the diameter of the circle inscribed inside the polygon. In the case of highly asymmetric cross sections,...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 43

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Normal Page. It is worth repeating that x ∗ represents the dimensionless longitudinal coordinate in the thermal entrance region, eq. (5.31), which in the case of the parallel-plate channel becomes. All of the results compiled in this section hold in the limit Pr. This is the most general case, and heat transfer results for many duct geometries have been developed...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 44

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422 FORCED CONVECTION: INTERNAL FLOWS. Figure 5.13 Friction factor for duct flow. In water flow through a pipe, with U ≈ 10m/s and ν ≈ 0.01cm 2 /s, y VSL. Consequently, even slight imperfections of the surface may interfere with the natural formation of the laminar shear flow contact spots. (5.70) The fully rough limit is that regime where the...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 45

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432 FORCED CONVECTION: INTERNAL FLOWS. Turbulent flow and entrance lengths:. Turbulent flow friction factor:. Turbulent flow heat transfer:. Nu D = 0.023Re 4 D / 5 · Pr n (5.77) where n = 0.4 forheating the fluid and n = 0.3 forcooling the fluid in the range. 60 0.7 ≤ Pr Re D Nu D = 0 . (5.78) in...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 46

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442 FORCED CONVECTION: EXTERNAL FLOWS. Normal Page PgEnds: TEX [442], (4). A flat plate of large width (w ) and small thickness (t ) is often used to introduce the concept of boundary layer flow and heat transfer. An infinitely long cylinder( d) in cross flow is also a geometrically simple object, but the flow develops complexity at high velocities...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 47

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6.4.2 Similarity Transformation Technique for Laminar Boundary Layer Flow. the two-dimensional steady-state boundary layer equations are:. The boundary conditions for an impermeable surface are. Similarity for boundary layer flow follows from the observation that while the boundary layer thickness at each downstream location x is different, a scaled normal distance η can be employed as a universal length scale. The...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 48

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r c U 2 2c p Forlow velocities this can be approximated as. The heat flux can be written as q 0 = −k ∂T. Figure 6.9 Boundary layer temperature profiles with viscous dissipation. and with the definition. where the properties can be evaluated at the reference temperature recommended by Eckert:. 6.4.7 Integral Solutions for a Flat Plate Boundary Layer...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 49

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These can be integrated to yield. dy (6.88). ρc p (α + H ) dy (6.89). Prandtl’s mixing length model is an example of this class where the eddy diffusivities and H are modeled in terms of the gradients of the mean flow:. The mean momentum equation can be written near the wall as ρ u. can be made. ∂y...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 50

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Normal Page PgEnds: TEX T. where the second term on the left is the temperature difference across which heat is transferred by conduction. Re k (6.150b). A local heat transfer coefficient can be defined based on δT 0 : δT 0. 20 · Pr with C ≈ 0.8 and Pr T ≈ 0.9, the law of the wall can be...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 51

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is the source surface area/perimeter ratio. (6.175) and (6.176) are valid for 10 3 ≤ Pe c x s + s ≤)2 s ≤ 150, and 0.2 ≤ w s / s ≤ 5, where w s is the heat source width. Additional detailed treatments of the subject have been compiled by Ortega (1996).. 6.6.2 Two-Dimensional Block Array. Figure 6.22...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 52

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Sons / Page 502 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan. It may be submerged (fluid discharged in the same ambient medium), or free surface (a liquid discharged into ambient gas). With increasing distance from the nozzle exit, the potential core region within which the uniform velocity profile persists shrinks as the jet interacts with the ambient. The...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 53

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Normal Page PgEnds: TEX b = t + 1 . The parameter α is the aspect ratio. α = s/W , where W is the strip width.. A/P is the source surface area/perimeter ratio. In the foregoing, w s is the heat source height, P its length, and P w its width. hP /k, h ¯ is the average heat...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 54

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Decoupling of Convective and Conductive Heat Transfer Using the Adiabatic Heat Transfer Coefficient, ASME J. Ashiwake, N., Nakayama, W., and Daikoku, T. Convective Heat Transfer from LSI Packages in an Air-Cooled Wiring Card Array, ASME-HTD-28, ASME, New York, pp.. Bejan, A., and Sciubba, E. Cebeci, T., and Bradshaw, P. Heat Transfer . Davalath, J., and Bayazitoglu, Y. A Complementary Experimental...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 55

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where ν is the kinematic viscosity and α the thermal diffusivity of the fluid. These dimensionless parameters are important in characterizing the flow, as discussed in the next section.. The resulting boundary layer equations for a two-dimensional vertical flow, with variable fluid properties except density, for which the Boussinesq approximations are used, are then written as (Jaluria, 1980. (7.17) where...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 56

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Normal Page PgEnds: TEX . Figure 7.6 Natural convection boundary layer flow over a semi-infinite horizontal surface, with the heated surface facing upward.. (7.42) Figure 7.7 shows the computed velocity and temperature profiles for flow over a heated horizontal surface facing upward or a cooled surface facing downward. For a heated surface facing downward or a cooled surface facing upward,...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 57

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Sons / Page 552 / 2nd Proofs / Heat Transfer Handbook / Bejan. 552 NATURAL CONVECTION. At small values of Ra, Ra ≤ 1000, there is little increase in the heat transfer over that due to conduction alone, for which the Nusselt number Nu = hd/k = 1.. However, as Ra increases, several flow regimes have been found to occur,...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 58

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25 for turbulent flow (7.80) Nu q can be obtained by computing the mean temperature difference and using the overall heat transfer rate provided by Vliet and Ross (1975).. Nu q = 0.14[(Gr · Pr) 1/3 − (Gr cr · Pr) 1/3. for 10 5 <. Nu = 0.27Ra 1/4 for 10 5 Ra Fujii and Imura (1972) give the...

Heat Transfer Handbook part 59

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8.1 Fundamentals 8.1.1 Emissive power 8.1.2 Solid angles 8.1.3 Radiative intensity 8.1.4 Radiative heat flux. 8.2 Radiative properties of solids and liquids 8.2.1 Radiative properties of metals. 8.3.2 Radiative exchange between black surfaces 8.3.3 Radiative exchange between diffuse gray surfaces. Pulverized coal and fly ash dispersions Mixtures of molecular gases and particulates 8.5 Radiative exchange within participating media. Strength of...