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We especially wish to thank Peter Hofs of the Tropical Animal Husbandry section of the Wageningen Agricultural University for his useful comments.. Ibrahim of the Department of Animal Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, reviewed the revised chapter and Robert Corner did the editing work. We especially want to acknowledge OXFAM (UK and Ireland) in as- sociation with FARM-Africa, who...
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For the breeding of goats, a good reproduction is of immediate impor- tance to the goat keeper. In a herd, a billy-goat services a young goat as soon as she is sexually mature and the first time she is in heat (see section 2.3 - symptoms of being in heat). If they get with young, they must divide their energy...
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By “raising”, we mean taking care of the newborn kids until they are sexually mature. Milk is the first food of the kid. The gastro-intestinal tract of the young goat is geared to properly digesting this energy- and protein- rich food. The first milk of the mother animal, the colostrum, is ini- tially very concentrated, but 24 hours after the...
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Their liking for tree leaves also means that they have an extra supply of protein, with the result that they are usually in better condition at the end of the dry season than sheep or cows who can’t make such good use of tree leaves.. It is particularly the pregnant and milking nannies that need extra feeding. In the last...
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Goats are kept in the tropics and subtropics as well as in temperate areas. Within each climatic zone many more, smaller zones can be distinguished which can differ greatly: some are dry, others wet, sometimes this is combined with heat, in other places with cold, the conditions can be stable but are often also extremely variable. At the end of...
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A damp, windy stall will weaken the animals and make them sus- ceptible to diseases such as lung infections.. Incorrect management of pasture, whereby the goats graze too often successively on the same pasture, increases the contamination of the pasture with parasites (worms, ticks). As it is impossible to remain completely disease and parasite free, also because of the contact...
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Milk is an important product when the goat is alive. In general, milk is a very nutritious drink. This is especially true for goat’s milk as is easier to digest for humans than cow’s milk. Milk is a healthy contribution to daily feeding, it supplies protein to the diet.. Products in which the milk has been processed and made into...
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Chapter 2 - Goat Breeding- and Chapter 3 - Raising and Selection- already indicated that a good administration is essential to be able to check the production of the business. Records of the production also enable the farmer to select goats properly and thus improve the stock.. In the first place, for a good administration you must be able to...
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EDITOR OF THE AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST FORMERLY DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION KANSAS STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. FORMERLY PRESIDENT OF THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS. Naturally, too, the authors have busied themselves in devising methods to add to the effectiveness of the book. The authors hope and think that the remaking of the book has added to its...
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THE SOIL AND THE PLANT SECTION VIII. ROOT-HAIRS ON A RADISH]. You have perhaps observed the regularity of arrangement in the twigs and branches of trees. Now pull up the roots of a plant, as, for example, sheep sorrel, Jimson weed, or some other plant. Note the branching of the roots. In these there is no such regularity as is...
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THE PLANT. HOW A PLANT FEEDS FROM THE AIR. You see in the charcoal every fiber that you saw in the wood itself. This means that every part of the plant contains carbon. You will be surprised to know that the total amount of carbon in plants comes from the air. All the carbon that a plant gets is taken...
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Let each pupil grow an apple tree this year and attempt to make it the best in his neighborhood. In the fall take the seed of an apple--a crab-apple is good--and keep it in a cool place during the winter. In the spring plant it in a rich, loose soil.. Great care must be taken of the young shoot as...
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Landscape-gardening is the art of so arranging flower-beds, grass, shrubbery, and trees as to produce pleasing effects in the grounds surrounding our homes and in great public parks and pleasure grounds.. =Market-Gardening.= Formerly market-gardening was done on small tracts of land in the immediate vicinity of large cities, where supplies of stable manure could be used from the city stables....
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Some diseases are found oftenest on very young plants, others prey on the middle-aged tree, while still others attack merely the fruit. Many of the yellowish or discolored spots on leaves are the result of disease, as is also the smut of wheat, corn, and oats, the blight of the pear, and the wilt of cotton. This is true, among...
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Yet even he may be surprised to learn that the damage done by them, as estimated by good authority, amounts to millions and millions of dollars yearly in the United States and Canada.. If, however, we are willing in this matter to make our notion agree with that of the people who have studied insects most and know them best,...
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Every crop of the farm has been changed and improved in many ways since its forefathers were wild plants.. Those plants that best serve the needs of the farmer and of farm animals have undergone the most changes and have received also the greatest care and attention in their production and improvement.. While we have many different kinds of farm...
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In seeding for a meadow such varieties should be sowed together as ripen about the same time.. Even in those sections of the country where it grows sparingly and where it is easily crowded out, clover should be mixed with all grasses sowed, for it leaves in the soil a wealth of plant food for the grasses coming after it...
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All the prosperous nations of the globe, especially the grain-growing nations, get a large share of their wealth from raising improved stock. The stock bred by these nations is now, however, very different from the stock raised by the same nations years ago. As soon as man began to progress in the art of agriculture he became dissatisfied with inferior...
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To get material for muscle, for blood, for milk, and for some other things, the animal needs, in the first place, food that contains protein. To keep warm and fat, the animal must, in the second place, have food containing carbohydrates and fats. Third, it is a ration in which the milk-forming food (protein) is rightly proportioned to the heat-making...
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Farm crops, as every child of the farm knows, are not equally adapted to all soils and climates. while the scythe, slow and back-breaking, is everywhere getting out of the way of the mowing-machine and the horserake. Instead of the plowman's wearily making one furrow at a time, the gang-plows of the plains cut many furrows at one time, and...