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English grammar drills part 21

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Present tense. One of the most confusing features of the present tense for nonnative speakers is that the present- tense verb form does not actually mean present time. The two most common uses of the present tense are for making timeless factual statements and for describing habitual actions.. The present tense is used to state timeless (that is, not bound...

English grammar drills part 22

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As soon as the rain let up, we dash out of the building.. Apparently, Shakespeare write his fi rst play before he ever go to London.. The future perfect (FP) consists of will have (the future tense of have) followed by a verb in the past participle form. The action or event described by the future perfect tense must be...

English grammar drills part 23

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When you called, we were working in the garden.. From noon on, I was raking leaves in the backyard.. Examine each verb in italics in the following sentences. Rewrite the verb as a past progressive.. The future progressive (F Prog) consists of the future tense (FT) of the verb be (will be) followed by a verb in the present participle...

English grammar drills part 24

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I love going for long walks in the fall.. You need to be more careful in the future.. Finally we recovered what we had initially invested in the company.. Separable and inseparable phrasal (two-word) verbs. Phrasal (two-word) verbs are an idiomatic combination of verbs and prepositions or adverbs whose meanings are often wildly unpredict- able. Phrasal verbs also pose a...

English grammar drills part 25

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The second complement type that linking verbs can take is a predicate adjective. Here are some examples with the linking verb in italics and the predicate adjective in bold.. For example, here is the true adjective amusing used both as a noun modifi er and as a predicate adjective:. Predicate adjective: His story was amusing.. Predicate adjective: The story was...

English grammar drills part 26

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Indirect object direct object. IO DO. When there are two objects in a sentence, the objects are called the indirect object (IO) and the direct object (DO).. “object.” We can only have an indirect object where there is also a direct object.) The two objects occur in a fi xed order: the indirect object always precedes the direct object. John...

English grammar drills part 27

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Underline and label the noun phrases that follow the verbs in the following sentences, using Obj NP Comp and IO DO for the two complement types. The newspaper named AMPEX Corporation the company of the year.. The magazine ranked him one of the best young golfers in the state.. The press called her a rising star in the industry.. Some...

English grammar drills part 28

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They consist of the introductory word that a sentence in its normal statement word order. Obj that clause. The deletion of that from a that clause poses special problems for nonnative speakers because the deletion erases one of the key signals that we rely on to identify that clauses. From this point on, we will put that in parentheses to...

English grammar drills part 29

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One of the diffi culties in recognizing this complement type is that present participle verbs look just like present participles used as gerund phrases. (Gerund phrases are discussed in detail in Chapter 6.) Gerund phrases are -ing forms of the verb used in noun phrases. When we try to substitute it for a present participle verb phrase, the result will...

English grammar drills part 30

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Truly is one of the most commonly misspelled words in English.. In the right column, write the -ly adverb form of the adjective in the left column.. Supply the comparative and superlative forms of the following adverbs.

English grammar drills part 31

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Underline the adverb infi nitive phrases in the following sentences. Confi rm your answer by add- ing in order to the infi nitive phrase.. Adverb clauses. Adverb clauses are dependent clauses that are attached to the main or independent clause as adverb modifi ers. In the following examples, the subor- dinating conjunctions are in bold and the complete statements are...

English grammar drills part 32

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Order of adverbs. There is a strong tendency to use the different classes of adverbs in a certain left-to-right order.. Here are some examples:. Manner Place Time Reason. at the grocery. You need to practice seriously every day to get any better. It rained heavily in the. in the. in the house The pipe started. Move the adverbs in each...

English grammar drills part 33

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Underline the verbs in the following questions and label each question as either yes-no or information.. yes-no. Yes-no questions. There are two different ways that English forms yes-no questions: yes-no questions and tag ques- tions. Yes-no question: Are you ready to go?. The basic characteristic of yes-no questions is that the subject and verb are inverted. In yes-no questions, the...

English grammar drills part 34

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To form a yes-no question, we must use the dummy helping verb do. Statement Inverted yes-no question. Do you have a question?. You have a glass.. You have your ticket.. One problem nonnative speakers may have with yes-no questions is that in informal conver- sational English, nobody seems to follow the rules. In listening to casual conversation, you will be...

English grammar drills part 35

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To this point we have only worked with information questions that have been formed with verbs that can be inverted: modal auxiliary verbs, helping verbs, and be as a main verb. Now we will look at information questions that require do. Move the interrogative pronoun to the fi rst position in the sentence.. Between these two rules, we need to...

English grammar drills part 36

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Which of the following is correct?. This is an easier question because there is no other noun besides who that is able to play the role of the subject of wanted. You, the only other noun in the sentence, is locked in place as the object of the verb see.. Here are the contracted forms of the modals and the...

English grammar drills part 37

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Most languages have what is called a question tag. A simple question tag is right. Often a question tag is a single fi xed phrase like right in English or nicht wahr in German.. The most common and important question tag in English is unusually complex because the form of the question tag is not fi xed. It depends entirely...

English grammar drills part 38

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The company’s success has been noticed by the fi nancial press.. The alarm was fi rst sounded by a security guard in the early morning.. In order to use a passive sentence effectively, we need to be able compare the passive and active forms of the same sentence to see which version best suits our purpose. Unfortunately this conversion back...

English grammar drills part 39

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Indirect Quotation. In this chapter we will discuss how to correctly use indirect quotation—quotation without the use of quotation marks. An indirect quotation is putting someone else’s words into your own sentence.. While indirect quotation allows a certain amount of freedom in how the writer reports the words of someone else, this freedom of expression does not release the writer...

English grammar drills part 40

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Direct: He asked, “Are you fi nished?”. Indirect: X He asked are you fi nished?. Indirect: He asked if you were fi nished.. Indirect: He asked whether you were fi nished.. Notice that the indirect question is punctuated with a period rather than a question mark.. One of the changes is not new: the backshifting of is to was.. The...