Có 40+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "luyện tập ngữ pháp"
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which is the complement of the verb taking, and yields the grammatical outcome (24b) since there is no violation of CED (extraction out of complement expressions being permitted by CED). In the light of Huang’s CED constraint, consider a sentence such as:. Here, the wh-phrase how many survivors has been extracted (via wh-movement) out of the bracketed expression some hope...
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Likewise, the VPs headed by the passive verb believed and the unaccusative verb occurred in (76b) have no subject of their own, and so allow several riots to move out of both VPs into spec-TP in the main clause. Similarly, the VP headed by the raising verb seem in (76c) has no subject of its own and so allows the...
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In addition to being sent to the PF component, each structure generated by the syntactic component of the grammar is simultaneously sent to the semantic component, where it is converted into an appropriate semantic representation. Chomsky’s answer is to suppose that uninterpretable features are deleted in the course of the syntactic derivation, in the specific sense that they are marked...
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Given the requirement for a floating emphatic reflexive to be c-commanded by its antecedent, and given that PRO is the intended antecedent of themselves in (47), it is clear that (47a) cannot be the right. but see Bowers (2002) for a different analysis of the case-marking of PRO subjects.. In the light of these assumptions, consider the derivation of the...
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Foc TP would he would turn to no other colleague The focused QP/quantifier phrase no other colleague originates as the complement of the preposition to and (by virtue of being focused) moves from complement position within PP into specifier position within FocP. One way of describing the relevant data is to suppose that the head Foc constituent of FocP carries...
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V PP roll down the hill The different positions occupied by the adverb gently in (44) and (45) reflect a subtle meaning difference between (43a) and (43b): (43a) means that the action which initiated the rolling motion was gentle, whereas (43b) means that the rolling motion itself was gentle.. A light-verb analysis also offers us an interesting account of adverb...
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and we suggested that relative and exclamative wh-expressions move to the specifier position within the Force Phrase, but that interrogative wh-expressions move to the specifier position within the Focus Phrase in main-clause questions (though move to the specifier position within the Force Phrase in complement-clause questions).. In §9.3 we went on to examine Rizzi’s claim that split CP structures also...
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where) to become the specifier of the complement-clause CP headed by that before where subsequently moves on to become the specifier of the main clause C constituent containing the inverted auxiliary is. its TP complement) will undergo transfer in accordance with (7i), because CP is a phase: one consequence of this is that the italicised traces will be marked as...
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The resulting VP is then merged with a null transitive light verb whose external AGENT. since the light-verb is affixal, it triggers movement of the verb commis. ‘committed’ to adjoin to the light verb, so that at the end of the vP phase we have the structure (51) below:. The light-verb agrees in person/number f-features with the object quelle bêtise...
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Base form: The base form of a verb is the simplest, uninflected form of the verb (the form under which the relevant verb would be listed in an English dictionary. hence forms like go/be/have/see/want/love are the base forms of the relevant verbs. For example, in a sentence such as ‘John blamed himself’, the reflexive anaphor himself is bound by John...
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Force: The complementisers that/if in a sentence such as I didn’t know [that/if he was lying] are said to indicate that the bracketed clauses are declarative/interrogative in force (in the sense that they have the force of a question/a statement). Formal: In an expression such as formal speech style, the word formal denotes a very careful and stylised form of...
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Phase: In work outlined in chapter 10, Chomsky argues that syntactic structures are build up in phases (phases including complementiser phrases and transitive verb phrases), and that once a phase has been produced, the domain/complement of the head of the phase undergoes transfer to the PF component and the semantic component, and thereby becomes impenetrable to further operations in the...
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(2001) ‘Syntactic reconstruction effects’ in Baltin and Collins (eds), pp. (2001) ‘The DP hypothesis: Identifying clausal properties in the nominal domain’, in Baltin and Collins (eds) pp. (2000) ‘A note on Contraction’, Linguistic Inquiry . (2002a) ‘On multiple wh-fronting’, Linguistic Inquiry . Hawkins (ed.) Explaining Language Universals, Blackwell, Oxford, pp.73-101.. (1993) ‘The syntax of predication’, Linguistic Inquiry . (2002) ‘Transitivity’,...
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Roberto de Paula Lico J? nior is a lecturer in English as a Foreign Language and he has considerable expertise in the field of Overseas Trade, having designed and taught a number of classes related to International Law and Overseas Trade. Acquisition of stock :A merger or consolidation in which an acquirer purchases the acquiree's stock.. Acquisition of assets :A...
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Thus, the ownership of the firm's assets is transferred from the stockholders to the bondholders.. Bank for International Settlements (BIS) An international bank headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, which serves as a forum for monetary cooperation among several European central banks, the Bank of Japan, and the U.S. Acceptances are traded at discounts from face value in the secondary market. Bane...
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A cash distribution may include capital gains and return of capital in addition to the dividend.. Cash delivery The provision of some futures contracts that requires not delivery of underlying assets but settlement according to the cash value of the asset.. Cash deficiency agreement An agreement to invest cash in a project to the extent required to cover any cash...
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Covered call A short call option position in which the writer owns the number of shares of the underlying stock represented by the option contracts. Coverage ratios Ratios used to test the adequacy of cash flows generated through earnings for purposes of meeting debt and lease obligations, including the interest coverage ratio and the fixed charge coverage ratio.. Covariance A...
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Dollar roll Similar to the reverse repurchase agreement - a simultaneous agreement to sell a security held in a portfolio with purchase of a similar security at a future date at an agreed-upon price.. bonds, a common term of reference in the Eurobond market.. Doctrine of sovereign immunity Doctrine that says a nation may not be tried in the courts...
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Extra or special dividends A dividend that is paid in addition to a firm's "regular". Related: internal market External finance Finance that is not generated by the firm: new borrowing or a stock issue.. Extension date The day on which the first option either expires or is extended.. Extension Voluntary arrangements to restructure a firm's debt, under which the payment...
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General partnership A partnership in which all partners are general partners.. General partner A partner who has unlimited liability for the obligations of the partnership.. GEMs (growing-equity mortgages) Mortgages in which annual increases in monthly payments are used to reduce outstanding principal and to shorten the term of the loan.. Gamma The ratio of a change in the option delta...