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Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 8

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International Depository Receipt (IDR) A receipt issued by a bank as evidence of ownership of one or more shares of the underlying stock of a foreign corporation that the bank holds in trust. The advantage of the IDR structure is that the corporation does not have to comply with all the regulatory issuing requirements of the foreign country where the...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 9

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Legal defeasance The deposit of cash and permitted securities, as specified in the bond indenture, into an irrevocable trust sufficient to enable the issuer to discharge fully its obligations under the bond indenture.. Lease A long-term rental agreement, and a form of secured long-term debt.. LEAPS Long-term equity anticipation securities. Long-term options.. Leading economic indicators Economic series that tend to...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 10

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Modigliani and Miller Proposition II A proposition by Modigliani and Miller which states that the cost of equity is a linear function of the firm's debt_equity_ratio.. Modigliani and Miller Proposition I A proposition by Modigliani and Miller which states that a firm cannot change the total value of its outstanding securities by changing its capital structure proportions. Modified duration is...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 11

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Opportunity costs The difference in the performance of an actual investment and a desired investment adjusted for fixed costs and execution costs. Most valuable alternative that is given up.. Opinion shopping A practice prohibited by the SEC which involves attempts by a corporation to obtain reporting objectives by following questionable accounting principles with the help of a pliable auditor willing...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 12

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Price elasticities The percentage change in the quantity divided by the percentage change in the price.. Price discovery process The process of determining the prices of the assets in the marketplace through the interactions of buyers and sellers.. Price compression The limitation of the price appreciation potential for a callable bond in a declining interest rate environment, based on the...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 13

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Reported factor The pool factor as reported by the bond buyer for a given amortization period.. Reporting currency The currency in which the parent firm prepares its own financial statements. Repurchase agreement An agreement with a commitment by the seller (dealer) to buy a security back from the purchaser (customer) at a specified price at a designated future date. Also...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 14

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Signaling approach Approach to the determination of the optimal capital structure asserting that insiders in a firm have information that the market does not have. therefore, the choice of capital structure by insiders can signal information to outsiders and change the value of the firm. Simple compound growth method A method of calculating the growth rate by relating the terminal...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 15

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Tax free acquisition A merger or consolidation in which 1) the acquirer's tax basis in each asset whose ownership is transferred in the transaction is generally the same as the acquiree's, and 2) each seller who receives only stock does not have to pay any tax on the gain he realizes until the shares are sold.. Tax Reform Act of...

Dictionary of Finantial and Business Terms part 16

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Variation margin An additional required deposit to bring an investor's equity account up to the initial margin level when the balance falls below the maintenance margin requirement.. Vertical acquisition Acquisition in which the acquired firm and the acquiring firm are at different steps in the production process.. Vertical analysis The process of dividing each expense item in the income statement...

Environmental studies part 1

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1) What do you think the term environment refers to?. 3) Have you ever heard of the word ecology?. In the case of human beings, cultural factors may also be included in the term.. The environmental science of ecology is the study of the relationship of plants and animals to their physical and biological environment. The biological environment includes organisms...

Environmental studies part 2

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The major parts of an ecosystem are the producers (green plants), the consumers (herbivores and carnivores), the decomposers (fungi and bacteria), and the nonliving, or abiotic, component, consisting of dead organic matter and nutrients in the soil and water. Relationship among biotic components of the ecosystem. Choose the best word or phrase in the box for each of the following...

Environmental studies part 3

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Add the prefix re- to each word in the box. 5) The new waiter at the restaurant forgot our order for dinner, so we had to. Sometimes we can change adjectives and verbs to nouns by adding a suffix or changing the form of the word. Look at the nouns below. adjective noun verb noun. Choose the correct noun form...

Environmental studies part 4

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1) In the 19th century, parents realized that they had to take care of their children’s health and try to give them a good. of the world is increasing every year. In the year 2005 there will be at least 7.2 billion people on the earth.. The sugar that comes from it is sold all over the world.. of the...

Environmental studies part 5

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TYPES OF POLLUTION. 1) List some types of pollution you know.. 2) Which types of pollution do you think are very serious in Vietnam?. Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or biological material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it. This process ranges from simple addition...

Environmental studies part 6

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1) Spain and Portugal started many new cities in the New World, especially south of Mexico. 2) The Greens bought a beautiful old house in the country. in the International Student Organization. Look at the words in the list. We clean the house and spend hours and hours in the kitchen preparing everything we need. In the morning the streets...

Environmental studies part 7

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1) People who play sports should follow the rules of the game and be friendly to the other team. 3) The ………of the International Student Organization increases every semester. The meaning of the new verb is related to the meaning of the original word.. I will take it to the photo store to have it enlarged.. Then choose the best...

Environmental studies part 8

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between life in Canada and life in the United States. 7) If you study English for several years, you will be able to speak it well. Several words in English end in the suffix -ever. you like on vacation if you have a lot of money. REDUCTION OF ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (2) Past participle in place of the passive:. Once deprived...

Express yourself part 1

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Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.. Printed in the United States of America . How to Use this Book v. The last of the four ways you learned to communicate was through writing, and the very formal trans- ference of words to paper was probably initiated in school, as early as kindergarten.. Now, as adults, even...

Express yourself part 2

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Unlike the stand-alone prompt, this question requires that you read and then select the important information from the given text(s) to use in your answer.. Whether the question is stand-alone or text-based, your response will be graded holistically according to a task-specific rubric. Good classroom practice will pro- vide you with a copy of the rubric that enumerates the criteria...

Express yourself part 3

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Now that you have practiced the essay question type which requires you to respond to what is called a. The test usually provides this help in the form of a series of multiple- choice questions about the text.. You may be wondering what in the world this has to do with essay writing.. If you have weak information—or a weak...