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mapping options for, 599–602 selecting envelope mode,. mapping options for, 599–602 nudging nodes of, 134 placing text in removing, 607. cursor states for, 595–596 Envelope docker vs., 593 mapping options for, 599–602 property bar for, 591 putty mode for EPS files, 82. See also extruded objects. adjusting color for, 573–575 applying properties for,. applying properties for, 557–558. See also exporting....
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DISCRETE-SIGNAL. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. DISCRETE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
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DISCRETE-SIGNAL. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. A JOHN WILEY &. SONS, INC., PUBLICATION. Copyright 2008 by John Wiley &. Sons, Inc. Published by John Wiley &. Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as...
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Complex Frequency-Domain Sequences x(n) Versus Time and X(k) Versus Frequency. 2 Sine, Cosine, and θ 27. One-Sided Sequences. Combinations of Two-Sided Phasors Time and Spectrum Transformations. Transforming Two-Sided Phasor Sequences into One-Sided Sine, Cosine, θ. Example 2-2: Analysis of the Ramp Function. 3 Spectral Leakage and Aliasing 43. Spectral Leakage. Example 3-1: Frequency Scaling to Reduce Leakage Aliasing in the...
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The discrete methods of this book are therefore very practical ways to analyze and process discrete data.. A basic assumption for this book is that a discrete signal sequence from 0 to N -1 in the time or frequency domain is just one segment of an inÞnitely repeating steady-state sequence. Mathcad is very sophisticated, but in this book we will...
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6 DISCRETE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. MATLAB users will have no trouble trans- lating everything in this book directly to their system. Mathcad also has an excellent relationship with an EXCEL program that has been conÞgured for complex algebra. EXCEL is an excellent partner to Mathcad for many purposes.. An excellent, high-quality linear and nonlinear analog and digital cir- cuit simulator...
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(b) The Segment of inÞnite sequence from 0 to N − 1 is not periodic with respect to the rest of the inÞnite sequence. If the sequence is nonrepeating (random), or if it is inÞnite in length, or if it is periodic but the sequence is not chosen to be exactly one period, then this segment is not one period...
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The value of the phase angle in degrees for each complex X (k ) is. (1-2) the factor 1/N ahead of the sum and the minus sign in the exponent are used but are not used in Eq. A two-sided (positive and negative) phasor spectrum is produced by this equation (we will learn to appreciate the two-sided spectrum concept). Point...
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For N = 2 M points there are N values , including 0, and N intervals to the beginning of the next sequence. The same idea applies in the time domain. If both components are present in the same composite signal, the minimum required total number of samples is . In other words, 100 cycles of the 10,000-Hz component occupy...
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The DFT and IDFT do not identify the source of the sequences, only tell the relationship between the steady-state time domain and the steady-state frequency domain. Part (b) is its two-sided phasor spectrum using the DFT. Next (c) is the attempt to reconstruct the sine wave using only one-half (positive or negative) of the spectrum. Part (d) is the correct...
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There are some possibilities for “de-cluttering” the results:. 60 · π 180. The amplitude of the cosine seg- ment is V. The amplitude of the − sin θ component is V. 7⋅cos 2⋅π⋅ n ⋅4 + 60⋅. 180 π 0 if ⏐Im(X( k ))⏐<. This is an almost-free Spectrum Analyzer that can be very accurate and versatile over a very...
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V s is the peak amplitude (1/2 of pk-to-pk) of each of the two input sig- nals. Example 2-2: Analysis of the Ramp Function. This chapter concludes with an analysis of the “ramp” function in Fig. The term 1/2 is the average height of the ramp, and x always lies between 0 and + L. 2-7 the discrete form of...
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For k = 1 to 5, using the Mathcad X-Y Trace tool, we get and 0.0585.. Seely, S., 1956, Radio Electronics, McGraw-Hill, New York. Terman, F.E., 1943, Radio Engineer’s Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York.. Zwillinger, D., ed., 1996, CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae 30th ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.. Spectral Leakage and Aliasing. SPECTRAL LEAKAGE. The topics in the...
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Again, the spectrum of the signal is shown at integer values of (k. If we are able to conÞne our interest to these integer values of (k. Exact values of (k ) give optimum frequency resolution between adjacent values of (k. An input signal at either of these frequencies will show a reduced output at 38.0 (the scalloping effect. At...
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We note also that the average power in any single phasor of any constant amplitude is zero ± the resolution of the computer. Adjacent segments of the eternal steady-state positive-frequency sine–. In Fig. (b) The separa- tions of the BPF center frequencies are increased. This choice represents good but not state-of-the-art performance in most communica- tions equipment design. Improving the...
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We convert dBm per Hz to watts per Hz, integrate from 0 to 6000 Hz, and adjust to the 300-Hz instrument bandwidth:. P out of band (W. 0 P (f ) df W in 300 Hz (3-7) The average P out of band in dBm in a 300-Hz band is − 21.90 dBm.. The ratio of in-band to out-of-band power...
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This sequence is a particular kind of simple win- dow that is useful in many situations because of the zero-value segments. We pause at Y 3 to view the intermedi- ate results, and see that the edges of the rectangle have been “softened”. and the pattern is extended away from the boundaries of the rectangle.. Observe also that the maximum...
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Some additional programming steps can accom- plish this, but for this example, because of the two almost zero-valued end regions, we assign the value 0.0, which is very nearly correct. We see also that the sequence can be a modiÞed time sequence, in which case the smoothing is Þltering certain regions of the time domain, or it can be a...
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for the improved attenuation of the side lobes. For the Hann the value of the peak response is − 38 dB at k ≈ 2.4, for the Hammimg it is − 53 dB at k ≈ 2.2, and for the rectangular it is only − 18 dB at k ≈ 2.5. Comparing the main lobe widths in the vicinity of...
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76 DISCRETE-SIGNAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. J., 1978, On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the Fourier transform, Proc. Multiplication and Convolution. Multiplication and convolution are very important operations in discrete sequence operations in the time domain and the frequency domain. We will Þnd that there is an interesting and elegant relationship between mul- tiplication and convolution that is...