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Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 20

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Else_IPM-BATES_ch008.qxd PM Page 177. The microcontroller or microprocessor port only provides a limited amount of current: about 20 mA in the case of PIC, and even less for standard microprocessor ports. All solid-state current drivers and switches are derived from the semiconduc- tor technology which is the basis of the transistor. One advantage of the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 21

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The transistor is selected for sufficient collector current handling, and the base resistor to give plenty of base current, which is calculated from the required coil current:. this is a sensible precau- tion for all DC inductive loads (anything with a coil such as a motor or Figure 8.4 Power outputs interfaces. The diode protects the transistor from the back...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 22

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In Figure 8.9 (a), the stepper motor stator has 16 poles and the rotor 4 north poles which are attracted to the active pairs of rotor south poles. This gives a total of six connections to the motor, with two pairs of centre- tapped windings. This allows the motor to be driven in different modes, while keeping the number of...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 23

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The program outputs a fixed message to the display. Program 9.1 USART serial communication. Others act as slaves, using the master clock for sending and receiving. The test system (Figure 9.5) consists of three processors, a master, a slave transmitter and a slave receiver. The slave transmitter has a BCD switch con- nected to Port D, which generates the test...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 24

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Control byte store Temp EQU 0x25 . SEND CONTROL BYTE CALL send . SEND DATA BYTE. Control byte for WRITE MOVWF ConReg . Send control byte CALL senadd . Send data byte CALL senstop . Control byte to WRITE. Control byte to READ MOVWF ConReg . Send control byte BANKSEL SSPCON2. after the other on the same location, but the...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 25

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Sensors have certain characteristics which should be specified in the data sheet:. The ideal sensor characteristic is shown in the characteristic y ⫽ m 1 x. The sensor has a large change in its output for a small change in its input. Figure 10.2 Sensor characteristics. The output could be fed directly into the analogue input of the MCU.. If...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 26

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In order to design the interface between a sensor and the MCU, we need to specify the performance of a linear amplifier which will translate the output of the sensor into a suitable input for the MCU, which is in the right range for the amplifier to handle and allows a convenient conversion factor to be used in the ADC....

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 27

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1 Describe how the reliability of a mechanical switch can be improved. (3) 5 State three sensors for measuring temperature, and the materials that each is. of varying the gain and offset of the output. Else_IPM-BATES_ch010.qxd PM Page 246. At midnight the total should be logged and the gauge should be reset. Investigate and establish a mathematical representation of the...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 28

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Program 11.1 Continued. Test data.... The include routines must be stored in the same application folder with the main source code, or the full file path to the folder must be given in the include statement. As can be seen, the software design philosophy is to make the main program as concise as possible, so that ultimately it consists of...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 29

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If necessary, current drivers should be added at the latch outputs in the extended system.. The PIC 16F877 is used throughout this book for simplicity ⫺ in real appli- cations, a chip should be chosen from the PIC range which most closely meets the design requirements, both in terms of the absolute number of I/O pins and the special interfaces...

Interfacing PIC Microcontrollers 30

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Atmel AVR is the most similar range to the PIC, in that it concentrates on 8-bit MCUs, and includes miniature devices. It has a more ex- tensive instruction set than the PIC, based on the standard 8051 assembler in- structions, and avoids the file register paging which is so inconvenient in the PIC. The AVR range has become popular as...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P1

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THE MISSING MANUAL. Fortunately, David Pogue arrives just in time with iPhone: The Missing Manual: a witty, authoritative, full-color guide to unlocking the iPhone’s potential.. The Missing Manual. With a fi nger swipe or a pinch on the 3.5- inch, multitouch screen, you can bring your music, photos, and videos to life. “Morning Edition,” and creator of the Missing Manual...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P2

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When you’re watching a video, double-tapping switches aspect ratios (video screen shape). In darker gray, surrounding the letters, you’ll find these special keys:. The guided Tour 21 The iPhone has a Caps Lock feature, but you have to request it. in the Settings . From now on, if you double-tap the L key, the key turns blue. You’re now in ...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P3

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If some obsessive ex-lover has been calling you every ten minutes for four hours, you’ll see “Chris Meyerson (24)” in the Recents list. You’ll be asked to confirm your decision. It’s just like the number pad on a normal cellphone, except that the “keys” are much bigger and you can’t feel them.. If you’re not interested in paying those massive...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P4

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Once you’re on the Now Playing screen, a few controls await your fingertip—. if you’re wearing the earbuds, pinching the microphone clicker serves the same purpose: it’s a Play/Pause control.. incidentally, when you plug in headphones, the iPhone’s built-in speaker turns off, but when you unplug the headphones, your music pauses instead of switching abruptly back to the speaker. You ...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P5

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You also have to sign into it, exactly as you’d do if you were using a laptop.. You’ll see the “Enter your payment information” screen either immediately, or as soon as you try to open a Web page of your choice.. To save battery power, and (on a plane) to comply with flight regulations, you can turn off one or...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P6

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The iPhone can’t check corporate exchange mail unless the system administrator can be persuaded to turn on the server’s iMaP feature. visto (visto.com) plans to unveil a software package by the end of 2007 that, once installed by the system administrator, will allow the iPhone to connect to exchange mail servers without sacrificing security. When you’re finished, tap Save.. This...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P7

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A list of videos you’ve flagged as your own personal faves, as described in a moment.. (You can’t rate videos when you’re view- ing them on the iPhone.) This list rounds up the highest rated videos.. This is a list of videos you’ve viewed recently on the iPhone—. and a Clear button that nukes the list, so that people won’t...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P8

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You can c-click (Mac) or Ctrl+click (Windows) any box to turn all the checkboxes on or off. This technique is ideal when you want only one or two songs in the list. if you always want all the songs on that stack of CDs next to your computer, change the iTunes CD import preferences to “import CD and eject” to ...

iPhone The Missing Manul- P9

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“it’s a computer, for the love of Mike,” went the refrain. apple says it’s only trying to preserve the stability of the phone and of the aT&T network. These programs will never show up as icons on your Home screen, and you can get to them only when you’re online, but still, the creativity and use- fulness out there is ...