- em P.M.V., nam, 15 mot hoc sinh khuygt tat, dang hoc l6p 7 tai t r u h g THCS X.L., I-Ih Noi, thubng xuy8n bl ban b&. - 1lm nhuc nhu dinh, treu choc thii qu6, giiy ton thucmg c a the". - hinh hung, bat nat dubng nhu lu6n ton tai trong moi xii hoi vh moi thai diim, nhung h+u qua cua n6, nhiit 118 h$u q u i ve m$t t i m ly v i xii hoi chwa dugc tim hi&. - Cic nha nghikn c i h cho ring c6 it nhgt hai hinh thQc bl bat nat m i trk c6 the". - phii chiu dung lzi bi bit nat ve c a the vii bl bit nat v6 mat quan he. - Banks (1997) cho ring bat nat bao gom nhilng hinh vi trqc tigp nhu treu choc, chiri mang, de doa, dinh, v i chiem do cua nan nhin bj bit nat. - Sharp (1 994) hoc sinh nam t h u h g lien quan tdi c i c hinh thQc bat nat truc ti+. - Nguqc lai, hoc sinh nil thubng lien quan tdi c i c hinh thQc giin tiep, t+p trung vao viec lhm tdn hai quan he cua nl;m nhjin vdi ban bi:. - Bdt n?t 6 hoc sinh ph6'thong. - Ladd, 2001), vB tiep theo c 6 the". - Bit nat 6 truirng hoe thuirng dude coi 1 i vdn cl&. - Tre bl b i t nat c 6 the". - Bit nat c i n g gay anh huivng xriu ngay ca d6i vdi nguiri c 6 h i n h vi b i t nat. - kJoc sinh chuyen bit nat hoc sinh k h i c thlrbng p h i t trie"n thhnh "thu vui". - Muc ciich nghien ciru. - thqc trang bit nat 6 hoe sinh phi;. - Ngoii ra, bing vice tim hi6u moi cluan he cua nhieu yeu t6 n h ~ r bl bit nat, nh3n thdc v:i trim c i m , chung t6i sir dung phuang phlip thong ke giup nhin thriy duqc su t~rang t i c v i quan he mang tinh nhlin q u i gi3a c i c ye'u t6.. - Gia thuyct nghien ciru. - Thu nhiit, chling t6i cho ring c i c hinh thdc bit nat khlic nhau c6 nhilng Anh hubng k h i c nhau theo gidi vii d o tuoi. - GiA thuy6t thu ba dat ra 12 nhan thuc b i n thiin tich cgc v i tieu cue d6ng vai tr0 trung gian giila bit nat v i c i c tricu chtlng trdm cim;. - TAP CHI TAM L'? HOC. - Doi t~rqng nghien ciru. - Doi tuqng nghien c h cua d6 t i i 12 vicc bi b i t nat 6 hoe sinh ph6 thong, v i m6i quan he giila viec b~ b i t nat b6i ban chng lua v i nhan thdc ban thrin vh trim c i m 6 hoc sinh pho thong.. - Khach the", pham vi nghien cdu. - Khich the". - cua nghien c h l i hoc sinh tir clic trubng ti&. - vien QuCic gia (http://www.nlv.gov.vn) v i thu vien Dai hoc Qu6c gia H i Noi (http://www.lic.vnu.vn), thu vien g i i o trinh di$n t u cua Bo G i i o duc v i D i o tao (http://ebook.edu.net.vn), g6 nhilng tir kh6a nhu "bit nat bit nat vh nhan thdc". - "bit nat vB t r i m ciim", k&t q u i thu dude 1 i khong c 6 bat ccir nghien cuu n i o du6i g6c d o trim 19 hoc hay xii hoi hoc v8 b i t nat. - trong do c 6 nhan v$t bi bit nat. - chung toi sir dung bing h6i dinh cho hoc sinh, bao gdm c i b i t nat ngoii/ca the". - Bing h6i gdm 6 cau h6i nhiim d o b i t nat dn/quan he v i ngoii/cc~ th6 (tg thu@. - bit nat quan he vii tq thu(it bit nat c a thd, theo thu tq), m 6 reng tren c o s 6 c i c c i u h61 duqc sh dung bin LJactd &. - 52 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. - Ba c9u h6i v6 quan he do krrrl kllcic.. - Ba cau hoi v i cd the". - (Structural Equation Modeling, vi6t tit lh SEM) l i mot d+ng phiin tich thong ke cao clip, trong 66 du doin do ldn vB mirc 66 9 nghia thong ke cua quan he nhan quA giila c i c bien. - Nhcmg, han ca vicc u'dc doBn moi quan he nhan q u i giila c i c bi6n trong s o lieu thqc sy' duqc thu thap biri nhh nghi&n ciru, n6 cbn u;irc doin moi quan he giila c6c ibhik'n in". - TAP CHI TAM L'! HOC. - Theo c i c thong ke ban dAu, chung t6i thu dugc kEt quh sau: 25.5% tri thu6ng xuyen bl it nhi't m@ hhih thQc b i t nat in/quan he nhu bl n6i xau, tung tin d6n. - 10.75% tre thuang xuy$n bj it nhat mot hinh thQc bit nat ngoii/co th&. - 28.75% trk thubng xuyen bl it nhgt m@ hinh thQc bit nat n i o d6 ir bat nat dn/quan hc hoac b i t nat ngoii/ca thd. - 7.25% tre thuang xuyen bl bit nat c i dnlquan he v i ngoii/ca th&, it nhiit mgt hinh thuc bat nat ir moi loai. - bi b i t nat ir hinh thQc tryc ti&p (ngohi/ca th6) m i ai ciing c6 the". - Day 1 i di&u d i n g IUU t i m , vi khi n6i t6i tir "bat nat", ngubi ta thubng hay nghi tdi viec tr$u choc, dB dgm d6 nhan bigt, trong khi hinh thuc bat nat n i y lai khong pho bign bang hinh thQc b i t nat kh8ng dE nhgn bigt. - D6i vdi b i t nat ngoiii/ca the", nEu mot hoe sinh d i n h hoc sinh khric, k h i nang ri't cao 12 sE bl phat, bj ky lugt, thgm chi bl buoc thoi hoc hay nhting hau qua nghiem trong han nhu chung toi dii neu ir doan mir dAu.. - Nhung ngu hoc sinh 6 6 n6i xau ban khiic sau lung, tung tin don, tin xau, c o lgp ban d6 khoi tgp th6, rd ring ri't kh6 c6 hinh thQc kg lu$t hay bhng c h h g nio.. - Vi v3y m i ciic nghien ciru tru6c day d5 tim thay moi lien he k h i ldn gi3a bat nat an/quan he vh trAm cam (vi du nhu nghien c h cua Card &. - I 1 , Bit ngt dn/ quan hc. - De nhijn thgy 18 tuclng quan gi$a bit nat dn/cluan he vB cdc mijt nh$n thuc k h i cao, d t u tir 0.50 tr6 len. - Trong khi d 6 t u m g quan gika b i t nat ngoii/cu the". - So lieu 6 bling 1 cho th&y b i t nat in/quan he c6 tucmg quan 6 mirc d$. - cao, vh bit nat ngoii/cd the". - Trong khi tuang quan giila b i t ngt ngoiii/ca the". - Nhu vay, r6 ring m6i lien he giiia c i c hinh thQc b i t nat v i tr$m c i m 12 k h i r6 ring, han naa, b i t ngt dn/quan he c 6 lien quan ldn han tdi trAm c i m. - d hoc sinh nam, c 6 21% b! it nhgt mot hinh thirc bit nat in/quan he vh 12.3% bl it nhiit mot hinh thiic b i t nat ngoii, c a th$. - Trong khi do, d6i v6i hoc sinh ntr, 29.6% bi b i t nat inIquan he vh 9.7% b~ b i t nat ngo;i/ca thg. - Ti 1C narnlnil bi c;i bit nat dnIquan he vh ngohi/ca th6 k h i c biet khong d i n g k6, l i 7.18% v i 7.77%.. - d6 tim su k h i c bict gidi cua bat nat dn/quan he v i bit nat ngoii/ca the", chi s o p d6u nho han 0.001, nhu vay 18 c 6 s u khlic biet rat it6 rhng gi5a nam v i nil v6 ty 1: b i t ngt dn/quan he v i b i t nat ngohilca the. - Tuang quan gitra bit ngt dn/quan he vh cdp hoc 18 -0.27, vdi y nghia thong ki. - Tuung quan gi5a bit nat ngoii/ca th&. - Nhu v$y, muc do bit nat ti 1C nghjch viri c$p hoc, cung c6 nghia 12 ti 1C nghjch v6i d<) tuoi cua trk. - Tim hieu quan he gil-ra viec bi bat nat, nh$n thli'c ban than v B tram cam thong qua Mi, hinh dang thli'c c6u triic (SEM). - Vi du, bie'n dn Bj bat nat v$ mat quan he dqa trkn ba tau h6i lily tir bang hoi vi? b i t n?t. - Duirng miii ten tir c i c bik'n i n k h i c nhau th6 hien hieu ung (effect) cua moi bien de'n c i c bi6n khic, dugc the". - mat quan he v i Bi bit nat vC mgt c o thd, vB hai bign n i y c 6 hieu ung nhiin qua t6i nhan thuc tieu cqc vh nh3n thuc tich cue v i t r i m crim. - Dau tien, hieu ting cua bat nat an/quan he 16n han nhieu hieu 3ng cua b i t nat ngoii/cd the' doi vdi nhan thilc ban t h i n tich cuc v i nhcin thuc b i n t h i n tieu cuc.. - Cu the". - 18, chi s6 tir bat nat dn/quan he tdi nhgn thuc b i n thin tich cuc vii nhan thQc ban thin ti&. - cqc 1 i -0.72 v i 0.60 trong khi chi s o tir b i t nat ngogi/cd the". - Di$u n i y c 6 nghia lh bit nat dn/quan he c6 hieu ung 1dn hdn doi vtri nhgn thllrc cua t r i em han h i n bat nat ngoii/ca the". - T h 3 ba, chi s6 tir b i t nat dnlquan he v i b i t nat ngoii/ca the". - tdi trdm c i m 18 rat nho, cu the". - ThQ tu, chi s o tir b i t nat anlquan he tdi bat nat ngoii/ca the". - E ) i h n i y c 6 nghia 1 i hoc sinh bl bat nat dnlquan he sc c 6 xu hudng bl b i t nat ngohi/ca the".. - Nhu vay, b i t nat ti 1$ nghjch vdi d o tuoi, tre c i n g 16n thi ti 1e bj bat nat c8ng giim. - bloc sinh nti bbj bat nat v6 mat quan he nhiku han hoc sinh nam v8 bl bat nat v$ mat c a thd it hun han hoc sinh nam. - Ngoii ra b i t nat dnlquan he c 6 hieu ung Idn han bat nat ngohi/ca the". - V i hiiu h6t hieu ilng cua bat nat doi v6i tram cam 12 thong qua hieu ung cba nhan thilc b i n than. - 1-Ian ch6 16n nhiit cua ch6ng toi 18 c i c kh;ich the". - lIu6ng nghien c~3u cua chung toi 18 sE thuc hicn mot nghien cliu t u m g tq 6 Viet Nam, v i tir 6 6 so s i n h giQa hoc sinh hai n&n van h6a n i y trong mot nghien c h xuyen van h6a v$ quan he gitia bj bit nqt, nhGn thiic vh trAm cam.. - Thang d o bit nat trong nghien ciru nhy d o muc d o hoc sinh (nan nhlin) bi ban khac b5t nat. - DOi khi chung toi goi t i t 18 thang d o bit nat de". - I TAP CHI TAM LY HOC. - Callaghan, S., &. - Peer victimization among schoolchildren:. - D., Printz, B., &. - Kochenderfer-Ladd, B., &. - TAP CHI TAM Ly HOC. - J., Y[ilich, R., &