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Types of Cast Iron. Types of Fits. Simple Stresses in Machine Parts ...87119. Stresses in Composite Bars.. Torsional and Bending Stresses in Machine Parts ...120180. Application of Principal Stresses in Designing Machine Members. Shear Stresses in Beams.. Variable Stresses in Machine Parts ...181223. Stresses in a Thin Cylindrical Shell due to an Internal Pressure. Stresses in Compound Cylindrical Shells. Pipes...
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We shall now discuss in this chapter a few of the manufacturing processes, limits and fits, etc.. The processes used for the preliminary shaping of the machine component are known as primary shaping processes. It is one of the most important manufacturing process used in Mechanical Engineering. Most of the metals used in industry are obtained from ores. Shaping the...
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Moment of a Force.. Mass Moment of Inertia.. In the preparation of these drawings, care must be taken of the availability of resources in money, in men and in materials required for the successful completion of the new idea into an actual reality. The designer only makes minor alternation or modification in the existing designs of the product.. It is...
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Cast Iron.. Cast iron . It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress. It is the property of a material opposite to ductility. It is the property of breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. The toughness of the material decreases when it is heated. It is measured by the amount of energy that a...
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Bevel Gears. Classification of Bevel Gears.. Terms used in Bevel Gears.. Determination of Pitch Angle for Bevel Gears.. Proportions for Bevel Gears.. Strength of Bevel Gears.. Design of a Shaft for Bevel Gears.. The elements of the cones, as shown in Fig. 30.1 (a), intersect at the point of intersection of the axis of rotation. 30.1 (b), the elements of...
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Helical Gears. Terms used in Helical Gears.. Face Width of Helical Gears.. Formative or Equivalent Number of Teeth for Helical Gears.. Proportions for Helical Gears.. Strength of Helical Gears.. A helical gear has teeth in form of helix around the gear. This provides gradual engagement and continuous contact of the engaging teeth. Helical gear (nomenclature).. Note : If the gears...
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The threads of the worm may be left handed or right handed and single or multiple threads.. The worm and worm gear in mesh is shown in Fig. It is the angle between the tangent to the thread helix on the pitch cylinder and the plane normal to the axis of the worm. tan λ = Lead of the worm...
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Fatigue and Endurance Limit.. Effect of Loading on Endurance Limit—Load Factor.. Effect of Surface Finish on Endurance Limit—Surface Finish Factor.. Effect of Size on Endurance Limit—Size Factor.. Relation Between Endurance Limit and Ultimate Tensile Strength.. Stress Concentration.. Theoretical or Form Stress Concentration Factor.. Stress Concentration due to Holes and Notches.. Stress Concentration Factor for Various Machine Members.. 6.3 6.3 Fatigue...
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where P = Force or load acting on a body, and A = Cross-sectional area of the body.. where δl = Change in length of the body, and l = Original length of the body.. 4.1 (a), then the stress induced at any section of the body is known as tensile stress as shown in Fig. A little consideration will...
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As a result of this torque, every cross-section of the shaft is subjected to torsional shear stress. The maximum torsional shear stress at the outer surface of the shaft may be obtained from the following equation:. where τ = Torsional shear stress induced at the outer surface of the shaft or maximum shear stress,. r = Radius of the shaft,...
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If the wall thickness of the shell (t) is less than 1/10 of the diameter of the shell (d), then it is called a thin shell. t = Thickness of the cylindrical shell, and. along the diameter X-X) of the shell. In case of riveted joints, the wall thickness of the cylinder,. where η l = Efficiency of the longitudinal...
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Rolling Contact Bearings. Types of Rolling Contact Bearings.. Types of Radial Ball Bearings.. Thrust Ball Bearings.. Basic Static Load Rating of Rolling Contact Bearings.. Static Equivalent Load for Rolling Contact Bearings.. Life of a Bearing.. Basic Dynamic Load Rating of Rolling Contact Bearings.. Dynamic Equivalent Load for Rolling Contact Bearings.. Dynamic Load Rating for Rolling Contact Bearings under Variable Loads.....
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Note : These bearings may move in either of the directions as shown in Fig. When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 360° as shown in Fig. When the angle of contact of the bearing with the journal is 120°, as shown in Fig. the diameters of the journal and bearing are equal, then the...
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The peripheral velocity of the brake drum,. The projected area of the friction surfaces, and. The ability of the brake to dissipate heat equivalent to the energy being absorbed.. When the motion of the body is pure translation. When the motion of the body is pure rotation. d = Diameter of the brake drum,. N = Mean speed of the...
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According to the position of axes of the shafts. These gears have teeth parallel to the axis of the wheel as shown in Fig. According to the peripheral velocity of the gears. The gears, according to the peripheral velocity of the gears, may be classified as. It is the diameter of the pitch circle. The size of the gear is...
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where p = Internal fluid pressure in the pipe, r i = Inner radius of the pipe, and r o = Outer radius of the pipe.. The tangential stress is maximum at the inner surface (when x = r i ) of the pipe and minimum at the outer surface (when x = r o ) of the pipe.. Substituting...
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It is the top surface of the thread.. It is half the pitch of the thread.. The proportions of the B.A. thread of the same diameter. The proportions of the thread are shown in Fig. The basic profile of the thread is shown in Fig. 11.10 and the design profile of the nut and bolt is shown in Fig. Basic...
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10.1 10.1 Intr Intr Intr Introduction Intr oduction oduction oduction oduction. 10.3 10.3 W W W W Welding Pr elding Pr elding Pr elding Pr elding Processes ocesses ocesses ocesses ocesses. 10.4 10.4 Fusion Fusion Fusion Fusion Fusion W W W Welding W elding elding elding elding. 10.5 10.5 Ther Ther Ther Ther Thermit mit mit mit mit W W...
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Tearing of the plate at an edge. Tearing of the plate across the rows of rivets.. Tearing of the plate across a row of rivets. Let p = Pitch of the rivets,. d = Diameter of the rivet hole, t = Thickness of the plate, and. Shearing of the rivets. Let d = Diameter of the rivet hole,. Crushing of...
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21.1 21.1 Intr Intr Intr Intr Introduction oduction oduction oduction oduction. These wheels have projecting teeth of special profile and fit into the corresponding recesses in the links of the chain as shown in Fig. 21.2 21.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Chain Drive over Belt or Rope Drive Advantages and Disadvantages of Chain Drive over Belt or Rope Drive Advantages...