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Nh ng đi u nên bi t v k thu t ôtô ữ ề ế ề ỹ ậ. Có nhi u th bên trong chi c xe mà b n mu n bi t, nh ng ng i không dám h i? Đôi khi ề ứ ế ạ ố ế ư ạ ỏ b n cũng mu n gây n...
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chẩn đoán hệ thống phanh. CHUẨN ĐOÁN HỆ THỐNG PHANH. Hệ thống phanh có chức năng giảm tốc độ chuyển động của xe tới vận tốc chuyển động nào đó, dừng hẳn hoặc giữ xe ở một vị trí nhất định.. Hư hỏng trong hệ thống phanh thường kèm theo hậu quả nghiêm trọng, làm mất tính an toàn chuyển...
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Moment of a Force.. Mass Moment of Inertia.. In the preparation of these drawings, care must be taken of the availability of resources in money, in men and in materials required for the successful completion of the new idea into an actual reality. The designer only makes minor alternation or modification in the existing designs of the product.. It is...
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Cast Iron.. Cast iron . It is the ability of a material to resist deformation under stress. It is the property of a material opposite to ductility. It is the property of breaking of a material with little permanent distortion. The toughness of the material decreases when it is heated. It is measured by the amount of energy that a...
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We shall now discuss in this chapter a few of the manufacturing processes, limits and fits, etc.. The processes used for the preliminary shaping of the machine component are known as primary shaping processes. It is one of the most important manufacturing process used in Mechanical Engineering. Most of the metals used in industry are obtained from ores. Shaping the...
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where P = Force or load acting on a body, and A = Cross-sectional area of the body.. where δl = Change in length of the body, and l = Original length of the body.. 4.1 (a), then the stress induced at any section of the body is known as tensile stress as shown in Fig. A little consideration will...
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As a result of this torque, every cross-section of the shaft is subjected to torsional shear stress. The maximum torsional shear stress at the outer surface of the shaft may be obtained from the following equation:. where τ = Torsional shear stress induced at the outer surface of the shaft or maximum shear stress,. r = Radius of the shaft,...
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Fatigue and Endurance Limit.. Effect of Loading on Endurance Limit—Load Factor.. Effect of Surface Finish on Endurance Limit—Surface Finish Factor.. Effect of Size on Endurance Limit—Size Factor.. Relation Between Endurance Limit and Ultimate Tensile Strength.. Stress Concentration.. Theoretical or Form Stress Concentration Factor.. Stress Concentration due to Holes and Notches.. Stress Concentration Factor for Various Machine Members.. 6.3 6.3 Fatigue...
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If the wall thickness of the shell (t) is less than 1/10 of the diameter of the shell (d), then it is called a thin shell. t = Thickness of the cylindrical shell, and. along the diameter X-X) of the shell. In case of riveted joints, the wall thickness of the cylinder,. where η l = Efficiency of the longitudinal...
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where p = Internal fluid pressure in the pipe, r i = Inner radius of the pipe, and r o = Outer radius of the pipe.. The tangential stress is maximum at the inner surface (when x = r i ) of the pipe and minimum at the outer surface (when x = r o ) of the pipe.. Substituting...
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Tearing of the plate at an edge. Tearing of the plate across the rows of rivets.. Tearing of the plate across a row of rivets. Let p = Pitch of the rivets,. d = Diameter of the rivet hole, t = Thickness of the plate, and. Shearing of the rivets. Let d = Diameter of the rivet hole,. Crushing of...
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10.1 10.1 Intr Intr Intr Introduction Intr oduction oduction oduction oduction. 10.3 10.3 W W W W Welding Pr elding Pr elding Pr elding Pr elding Processes ocesses ocesses ocesses ocesses. 10.4 10.4 Fusion Fusion Fusion Fusion Fusion W W W Welding W elding elding elding elding. 10.5 10.5 Ther Ther Ther Ther Thermit mit mit mit mit W W...
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It is the top surface of the thread.. It is half the pitch of the thread.. The proportions of the B.A. thread of the same diameter. The proportions of the thread are shown in Fig. The basic profile of the thread is shown in Fig. 11.10 and the design profile of the nut and bolt is shown in Fig. Basic...
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Tearing strength of the rods,. From this equation, diameter of the rods ( d ) may be determined.. Failure of the rod or cotter in crushing. Failure of the socket in tension across the slot. Tearing strength of the socket across the slot. 2 b × t and shearing strength of the cotter. Failure of the socket collar in crushing....
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It is always inserted parallel to the axis of the shaft. The sunk keys are of the following types. where d = Diameter of the shaft or diameter of the hole in the hub.. The usual proportions of the gib head key are. The depth of the keyway weakens the shaft.. The saddle keys are of the following two types...
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The standard length of the shafts are 5 m, 6 m and 7 m.. 14.6 14.6. as well as due to the weight of the shaft itself.. When the shaft is subjected to a twisting moment (or torque) only, then the diameter of the shaft may be obtained by using the torsion equation. J = Polar moment of inertia of...
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The ratio of the effort arm to the load arm i.e. mean diameter of the tapered pin, and 2. diameter of the handle.. Mean diameter of the tapered pin. Let d 1 = Mean diameter of the tapered pin, and. d = Diameter of the spindle = 50 mm ...(Given) We know that the torque acting on the spindle,. Diameter...
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Design of Connecting Rod.. 16.1 (c), and 4. The cross-section of the column is uniform throughout its length.. The weight of the column itself is neglected.. where E = Modulus of elasticity or Young’s modulus for the material of the column, A = Area of cross-section,. k = Least radius of gyration of the cross-section, l = Length of the...
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17.3 Let p = Pitch of the screw,. d = Mean diameter of the screw, α = Helix angle,. From the geometry of the Fig. When the *nominal diameter (d o ) and the **core diameter (d c ) of the screw is given, then Mean diameter of screw, d. 17.4 that the effort applied at the circumference of the...
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Slip of the Belt.. Maximum Tension in the Belt.. Initial Tension in the Belt.. The velocity of the belt.. The tension under which the belt is placed on the pulleys.. The arc of contact between the belt and the smaller pulley.. The conditions under which the belt is used.. The V-belt as shown in Fig. This will result in the...