Tìm thấy 10+ kết quả cho từ khóa "Disorders of Smell"
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Olfactory dysfunction affects ~1% of people under age 60 and more than half of the population beyond this age.. Related sensations during eating such as somatic sensations of coolness, warmth, and irritation are mediated through the trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagal afferents in the nose, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. Terms relating to disorders of smell include anosmia, an absence of the ability to smell. dysosmia, distortion in the perception of an odor;.
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However, given the widespread degeneration of the olfactory epithelium and intercalation of respiratory epithelium in the olfactory area of adults with no apparent olfactory dysfunction, biopsy results must be interpreted with caution.. Disorders of the Sense of Smell: Treatment.
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Disorders of Smell, Taste, and Hearing. Disorders of the Sense of Taste. Disorders of the sense of taste are caused by conditions that interfere with the access of the tastant to the receptor cells in the taste bud (transport loss), injure receptor cells (sensory loss), or damage gustatory afferent nerves and central gustatory pathways (neural loss) (Table 30-2)..
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Disorders of the Sense of Smell. These are caused by conditions that interfere with the access of the odorant to the olfactory neuroepithelium (transport loss), injure the receptor region (sensory loss), or damage central olfactory pathways (neural loss). Fortunately, the history of the disease provides important clues to the cause. Sometimes there is an associated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea resulting from a tearing of the dura overlying the cribriform plate and paranasal sinuses..
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Approach to the Patient: Disorders of the Sense of Taste. Electric taste testing (electrogustometry) is used clinically to identify taste deficits in specific quadrants of the tongue. The history of the disease and localization studies provide important clues to the causes of the taste disturbance.
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Disorders of the Sense of Hearing. Hearing loss can result from disorders of the auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear, or central auditory pathways (Fig. An algorithm for the approach to hearing loss. HL, hearing loss. sensorineural hearing loss. TM, tympanic membrane. Conductive Hearing Loss.
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Workers in such noisy environments can be protected with preemployment audiologic assessment, the mandatory use of hearing protectors, and annual audiologic assessments.. Benton R: On the origin of smell: Odorant receptors in insects. Cell Mol Life Sci PMID: 16786219]. Breer H et al: The sense of smell: Multiple olfactory subsystems. Cell Mol Life Sci . Adv Otorhinolaryngol PMID: 16733339]. Lancet PMID:. Gudziol V et al: Clinical significance of results from olfactory testing..
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MRI is superior to CT for imaging of retrocochlear pathology such as vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, other lesions of the cerebellopontine angle, demyelinating lesions of the brainstem, and brain tumors. Disorders of the Sense of Hearing: Treatment. Atresia of the ear canal can be surgically repaired, often with significant improvement in hearing.
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Approach to the Patient: Disorders of the Sense of Hearing. The goal in the evaluation of a patient with auditory complaints is to determine (1) the nature of the hearing impairment (conductive vs. The history should elicit characteristics of the hearing loss, including the duration of deafness, unilateral vs. A sudden onset of unilateral hearing loss, with or without tinnitus, may represent a viral infection of the inner ear or a stroke.
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perception of a taste when there has been no tastant ingested. flavor recognition in patients with olfactory losses who complain of a loss of taste as well as smell by asking if they are able to taste sweetness in sodas, saltiness in potato chips, etc..
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Qualitative Disorders of Platelet Function. Inherited Disorders of Platelet Function. Inherited Disorders of Platelet Dysfunction: Treatment. Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. Metabolic disorders—ketoacidosis, acute renal failure, eclampsia, acute poisoning. Inherited and acquired abnormalities of phagocyte function are listed in Table 61-3. The resulting diseases are best considered in terms of the functional defects of adherence, chemotaxis, and microbicidal activity. features of the important inherited disorders of phagocyte function are shown in Table 61-4.. Table 61-3 Types of Granulocyte and Monocyte Disorders.
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Disorders of Hemoglobin. Disorders of Hemoglobin: Introduction. Hemoglobin is critical for normal oxygen delivery to tissues. Hemoglobinopathies are disorders affecting the structure, function, or production of hemoglobin. Each consists of a tetramer of globin polypeptide chains: a pair of α- like chains 141 amino acids long and a pair of β-like chains 146 amino acids long.. The α-like genes (α,s) are encoded on chromosome 16;. the β-like genes (β,γ,δ,ε) are encoded on chromosome 11.
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Disorders of the Eye (Part 22). Descending cortical inputs mediating horizontal gaze ultimately converge at the level of the pons. They project directly to the ipsilateral abducens nucleus.
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Milder cases and follow-up of severe cases can be treated orally with methylene blue (60 mg three to four times each day) or ascorbic acid (300–600 mg/d).. Thalassemia Syndromes: Introduction. The thalassemia syndromes are inherited disorders of α- or β-globin biosynthesis. The reduced supply of globin diminishes production of hemoglobin tetramers, causing hypochromia and microcytosis.
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Disorders of Granulocytes and Monocytes. Disorders of Adhesion. Two main types of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) have been described, LAD 1 and LAD 2. Both are autosomal recessive traits and result in the inability of neutrophils to exit the circulation to sites of infection, leading to leukocytosis and increased susceptibility to infection (Fig.
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Disorders of Hemoglobin. There are five major classes of hemoglobinopathies (Table 99-1).. Structural hemoglobinopathies occur when mutations alter the amino acid sequence of a globin chain, altering the physiologic properties of the variant hemoglobins and producing the characteristic clinical abnormalities. The most clinically relevant variant hemoglobins polymerize abnormally, as in sickle cell anemia, or exhibit altered solubility or oxygen-binding affinity.
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Disorders of Platelets and Vessel Wall. Disorders of production may be either inherited or acquired. In evaluating a patient with thrombocytopenia, a key step is to review the peripheral blood smear and to first rule out "pseudothrombocytopenia,".
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Disorders of the Eye (Part 1). Disorders of the Eye. The visual system provides a supremely efficient means for the rapid assimilation of information from the environment to aid in the guidance of behavior. The act of seeing begins with the capture of images focused by the cornea and lens upon a light-sensitive membrane in the back of the eye, called the retina. The retina is actually part of the brain, banished to the periphery to serve as.
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Patients develop a purpuric rash on the extensor surfaces of the arms and legs, usually accompanied by polyarthralgias or arthritis, abdominal pain, and hematuria from focal glomerulonephritis. All coagulation tests are normal, but renal impairment may occur. Glucocorticoids can provide symptomatic relief but do not alter the course of the illness.. Inherited Disorders of the Vessel Wall.