Tìm thấy 11+ kết quả cho từ khóa "Pricing decisions"
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This section introduces some of the basic economic concepts that are useful in reasoning about markets and in making pricing decisions. A example of a tariff is a C pT , where a is a price for setting up, p is a price per second for using the service, and T is the duration of the connection in seconds.. PRELIMINARY MODELLING 17 A tariff is that part of the contract between two parties that specifies the way the charge will be computed for the service.
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Factors Affecting Price Decisions. Internal Factors. Pricing Decisions. External Factors. Marketing Objectives. Marketing Mix Strategy. Nature of the market and. Marketing Objectives. Marketing-Mix Strategy. Organizational Considerations. Internal Factors Affecting. Marketing Objectives that Affect Pricing Decisions. Low Prices to Cover Variable Costs and Some Fixed Costs to Stay in Business.. Choose the Price that Produces the Maximum Current Profit, Cash Flow or ROI..
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Pricing in Business Marketing. Examine the special meaning of price.. Understand and analyze the factors influencing the pricing decisions.. Study the different price-setting methods and pricing strategies.. Learn pricing policies for different types of customers. Examine the practical aspects of commercial terms and conditions..
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Generally the barriers to entry into the market are considerable, but the critical characteristic of oligopolistic firms is that their pricing decisions are interdependent. That is, the pricing decisions of any one firm can substantially affect the sales of the others. Therefore, each firm must monitor and respond to the pricing and production decisions of the other firms in the industry. Table 11.1 summaries the characteristics of the four market structures..
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market that each firm’s pricing decisions have a negligible effect on the. Why is a monopolistic competitive firm a. What does the demand curve for monopolistic. competitive firm and more elastic (flatter) than for a monopolist. monopolistic competition?. Somewhat effective in the short-run but less. effective in the long-run. It raises the long-run average cost curve. Why is a normal profit made in the long-run?.
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Holistic marketers must take into account many factors in making pricing decisions—the company, the cus- tomers, the competition, and the marketing environment. The price for driving your car on Florida's Sunshine Parkway is a toll, and the company that insures your car charges you a premium. of an executive is a salary, the price of a salesperson may be a commission, and the price of a worker is a wage.
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That is, the pricing decisions of any one firm can substantially affect the sales of the others. Therefore, each firm must monitor and respond to the pricing and production decisions of the other firms in the industry. Table 11.1 summaries the characteristics of the four market structures.. As we learned earlier, the market price in a perfectly competitive market is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
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That is, the pricing decisions of any one firm can substantially affect the sales of the others. Therefore, each firm must monitor and respond to the pricing and production decisions of the other firms in the industry. Table 11.1 summaries the characteristics of the four market structures.. As we learned earlier, the market price in a perfectly competitive market is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
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That is, the pricing decisions of any one firm can substantially affect the sales of the others. Therefore, each firm must monitor and respond to the pricing and production decisions of the other firms in the industry. Table 11.1 summaries the characteristics of the four market structures.. As we learned earlier, the market price in a perfectly competitive market is determined by the intersection of the supply and demand curves.
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De Bondt’s experiment can be considered as one of the first studies that prove people have a tendency to anchor their estimations when making pricing decisions. After De Bondt, more researches in the field of anchoring and adjustment in pricing activity have emerged.. In the study of Cen, Hilary, &. Wei (2010), anchoring and adjustment bias is proven to have significant impact on the financial mar- ket.
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Opponents of price controls emphasize that the pricing decisions made by any. Shortages and the Effective Price of a Product. Initially, the supply and demand curves are S 1 and D, and the equilibrium price is P 1 . What will happen to the market for gasoline?. Because of the shortage, consumers will have to wait in line to get whatever gasoline they can. To avoid a long line, they may try to get to the service station early—.
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Pricing decisions can be a complicated undertaking that requires knowledge of the market, competitors, economic conditions and, of course, customers. For this section it is not necessary to provide extensive financial evaluation of the pricing decision since most of this will take place in Part 5 Budgeting and Implementation, however, the use of tables and graphs may be helpful in showing pricing trends and pricing decisions within various categories.
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The eight variables are grouped as follows: 1) the factors affecting the consumption of natural fish (3 factors): physical environment factors, pricing factors, and quality factors. and 2) the factors affecting the consumption of processed fish from nature (3 factors): product factors, pricing factors, and seasonal factors.
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Value and Objectives – Discussion Example. different objectives to be put on the same scale via pricing out. Decision Context. Every decision situation involves a specific context, and that context determines which objectives need to be considered.. Central decisions: Many situations have decisions that need to be made right. Timing – When does the decision have to be made?. Sequential Decisions: Problems often involve multiple decisions to be made over time, not all at once..
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Hubbard (1998) analyzed various factors (e.g., inventory investment, research and develop- ment, employment, business formation and survival, pricing, and corporate risk manage- ment) which determine the link between cash flow and investment decisions by using the U.S. Particularly, they estimated investment regres- sions distinguishing the firms’ abilities to face financial constrain in the UK firms over the period .
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A pricing policy must fairly reflect the externality effects and provide the right incentives for customers to join or leave a multicast session when it is economically justified from the viewpoint of the multicast group as a whole.. Furthermore, many decisions depend upon the assumptions that are made about the semantics of the multicast service, and these are often not precisely defined.
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According to the one of Drake, the congestion toll can be written as a function of the average speed of V:. classical pricing model of congestion pricing, it has been applied to the practice in many countries, such as Singapore, Thailand, and so on. This paper will also use this model as a pricing strategy of traffic congestion pricing in the center of Ho Chi Minh City.
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The first term on the right-hand side is the minimized value of (10.20). 10.8 The differentiated services approach. 10.8.1 Paris Metro Pricing. Example 10.3 (A model of Paris Metro Pricing) Let us make a simple model of PMP and illustrate how it can increase social welfare. Suppose user i has a utility of the form. 3g, f2g cannot be an equilibrium of the system..
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State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020. (2020), State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2020. (2010), Carbon-Pricing and Technology R&D Initiatives:. https://www.grist.org/article carbon-pricing-technology- initiatives-necessary-not-sufficient.
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A thorough discussion of the merits of LRIC for pricing access network services is in Economides (2000). For definitions of the ECPR see Willig (1979) and Baumol (1983).