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Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - C

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Anglicization of the French corruption of "Kadohadacho,". the name of one of the subgroups. Each subgroup spoke a dia- lect of the Caddo language. The Cahuilla language is classi- fied in the Cupan subgroup of the Takic family of Uto- Aztecan languages. and under the influence of the federal government. Cajuns began settling in the region around 1800, however, and...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - D

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By the end of the eighteenth century the. native people who originally occupied the valley of the Dela-. Years later, when the river was named the Delaware after Sir Thomas West, Lord de la Warr, the first governor of the Virginia colony, the "River Indians". The few remaining speakers of the Delaware language and the descendants of these people who...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - E

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There are relatively few East Asians in the Mari-. nese who number 23,205 in the latter.. The younger group in the Japa-. There has been little organized cooperation among any of the four East Asian groups, either in the past or today.. In the 1880s a second wave of Chinese men arrived in Canada. Public agita- tion in the province...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - F,G

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The Flathead are an American Indian group numbering about four thousand who live with members of the Kalispel and Kutenai American Indian groups on the Flathead Indian Reservation in northwestern Montana.. The Flathead are a Salishan-speaking group who in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries numbered between three thousand and six thousand and inhabited the region of western Montana and Wyoming...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - H

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is an Anglicized version of the Northern Haida's. In a row in front of the dwelling houses were the totem housepoles. Girls were evidently preferred as they guar- anteed the perpetuation of the lineage. The owner of the dwelling was the. house chief who managed the affairs of the domestic unit. Animals were thought to live on land, in the...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - I

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The communal life provides emotional support for the family of the deceased.. Material Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition, 1921-24. Intellectual Culture of the Iglulik Eskimos. in several variations first ap- pears in the Russian literature of the 1830s and 1840s. general term for Indians of the interior and meaning "having louses' eggs.". groups downriver...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - J

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The Jews of North America are a relatively assimilated ethnic group in the United States and Canada.. is an Anglicized version of the Hebrew word yehudi, meaning "Hebrew, the language of the kingdom of Judah,". and originally referred to the members of the tribe of Judah, one of twelve tribes of Israel in the Middle East about four thousand years...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - K

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The Kansa (Kaw, Hutanga) lived in the general area of the Kansas River in northeastern Kansas and in the adjoining. The Kansa Indians: A History of the Wind People, 1673-1873. The Kalapuyans: A Sourcebook on the Indians of the Willamette Valley. The Salishan Tribes of the Western Pla-. The major plant food was the acorn of the tanbark oak prepared...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - L

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Scholars have recently suggested that the Inuit of Labrador are more accurately classified as two groups: the Labrador Inuit, on the coast of the Labrador Sea in Newfoundland, and the Inuit of Quebec, on the coasts of Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait and in the interior of Lab- rador. Aboriginally, the Labrador Inuit lived along the coast of the Labrador...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - M

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They spoke languages of the Maidu (Pujunan) family of the Penutian phylum. "people of the St. or, more exactly, 'people of the beautiful, good, pleasant river.". The ancestors of the Maliseet (the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Etechemin) occupied not only the St. In the interior, it is. The Maliseet speak a language of the eastern subdivision of Algonkian. guages closest to...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - N

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speaking group, live in the basins of the Nabesna and Chitana rivers in southeastern Alaska.. along with all the other Athapaskan- speaking peoples of the New Mexico province. appears for the first time in 1626 and sporadically thereafter until the end of the seventeenth century. in recognition of the fact that the Navajo were more dependent on agriculture than were...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - O

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The souls of the dead went to the Land of Wolf and Coyote.. four-part division of the Ojibwa. At the end of the eighteenth century the North-. The homeland of the Southeastern Ojibwa and the Southwestern Chippewa, also a country of rolling hills, includes marshy valleys, upland. The Ojibwa are one of the largest American Indian groups north of Mexico....

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - P

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In the past, all activities concerning death and preparation for burial took place in the home of the deceased. Ozark Idyll: Life at the Turn of the Century in the Missouri Ozarks. Point Look- out, Mo.: School of the Ozarks Press.. Black Hillbillies of the Arkansas Ozarks. The Pacific Eskimo include the Koniag (Kanagist, Kanjagi, Koniagi, Kychtagmytt, Qiqtarmiut), Chugach (Chiugachi,...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - Q,R

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The Quapaw (Kwapa, Akansa, Arkansas) lived at or near the mouth of the Arkansas River where it meets the Mississippi River in southeastern Arkansas. They speak a Dhegiha Siouan language and numbered over twelve hundred in the. The Quapaw Indians: A History of the Downstream People. "A History of the Quapaw.". is a shortening of the name that the Quechan...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - S

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The Sanpoil (Nesilextcin, N'Puchle), including the Nes- pelem and the Colville (Skoylpeli, Kettle Falls Indians), lived in northwestern Washington along the Columbia River from Kettle Falls to the vicinity of Grand Coulee and north of the Columbia in the Sanpoil and Nespelem River basins. Sociology of the Mdewakanton-Santee. History of the Santee Sioux: United States Indian Policy on Trial. Most...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - T

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group, live in the upper basin of the Stikine River and in. After severe epidemics of the late 1800s, the figure apparently dropped to about fifteen hun- dred. West of the Tanaina are the southwestern mainland Eskimos.. Fish, particularly salmon, has been the basis of the subsistence economy both prehistorically and today. When Russia sold Alaska to the United States...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - U

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Ukrainian-Canadians are one of the larger and more prominent ethnic groups in Canada. Ukrainian ethnographic territory cor- responds roughly (not exactly) with the area of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union. The Black Sea lies to the south of this land, and its northern neighbors in.. decline as perceived prerequisites for inclusion in the group,. replaced somewhat...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - W

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A History of the Northern Ute Peo- ple. The Ethnohistory and Accultur- ation of the Northern Ute. Ethnography of the Northern Ute.. Ultimately, the Walapai surrendered and were moved to the inhospitable lowlands of the Colorado River In- dian Reservation. Many, too, turned briefly to the millenarian Ghost Dance in the late 1880s, hoping, to no avail, that the magical...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - Y

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The Yakima (Pakiut'lema) lived on the lower course of the Yakima River in south-central Washington and now live with the Klickitat as the Confederated Tribes of the Yakima In- dian Reservation of Washington. guage of the Penutian phylum and numbered over six thou- sand in the mid-1980s.. The Yankton are one of the seven main divisions of the Siouan-speaking Dakota...

Encyclopedia of World CulturesVolume I - NORTH AMERICA - Z, END

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wrongdoings to the doctor, followed by positive prayer as part of the cure.. Handbook of the Indians of Califor- nia. Of the Zuni, 2,469 were less than sixteen years old. Coloni- zation of the Southwest by the Spaniards under Ofiate in 1598 involved the Rio Grande valley. Throughout the eighteenth and most of the nineteenth centuries, Apache and Navajo raiding...