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Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P25

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The launch on July 1, 1991, of Court TV, a cable channel that provided televised trial coverage of newsworthy cases, sought to further legitimatize the use of cameras in the courtroom. The federal JUDICIAL CONFERENCE OF THE UNITED STATES authorized a three-year experiment in 1991 that permitted camera coverage of federal civil trials. Most judges who participated in the experiment,...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P26

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They had been allies in both world wars, and both remained key members of the NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION (NATO). Then, the second half of the twentieth century unexpect- edly changed everything—domestic industrial decline, brought on by a rise in international competition, toppled the United States from a position of preeminence and made Canada more important to its plans for...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P27

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However, just 13 years later the Court found that “standards of decency” had evolved to a point at which mentally retarded defen- dants could no longer be made subject to capital punishment without violating the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment ( ATKINS V . The Court likewise found sufficient proof of consensus against making rape defendants...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P28

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African American activist, leader, and militant Stokely Carmichael is known for the galvanizing cry “Black Power!” which helped transform the later years of the CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT . In 1966 he was elected chairman of the STUDENT NONVIOLENT COORDINATING COM- MITTEE (SNCC), a CIVIL RIGHTS organization popularly called Snick. Leaving Atlanta-based SNCC in 1967 with a more radical vision, Carmichael...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P29

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Refusing to admit his candidate’s shortcomings, the president claimed that Carswell was opposed by the Senate because he was a conservative southerner and a believer in the “strict construc- tion,” or literal interpretation, of the U.S.. The Rehnquist Choice: The Untold Story of the Nixon Appointment that Redefined the Supreme Court. New York: Free Press.. New York: Harper &. New...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P30

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The case method may be unpopular with law students owing to the amount of reading it requires. Some commentators suggest that students therefore miss critical elements of a lawyer’s initial role: discovering and shaping facts and determining legal strategies to present to the court at the trial level.. A term used in Article III, Section 2, of the Constitution to...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P31

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For example, a statement of facts for a case of battery might be “The plaintiff, while walking through ABC Store on the afternoon of March 11, 1998, was tackled by the DEFENDANT , a security guard for the store, who knocked the plaintiff to the floor and held her there by kneeling on her back and holding her arms behind...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P32

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Controversy over the role of government support of the arts arose in the late 1980s with two artists who received NEA funding. Numerous senators sent letters of protest to the NEA, insisting that the agency cease underwriting vulgar art. Two important cases tested the power of the NEA to censor artistic production. 1991), a dance company refused to sign the...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P33

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A three-judge panel heard Utah’s lawsuit but dismissed it at the urging of the Commerce Department. The Court, in a 5 – 4 decision, dismissed Utah’s contention that actual enumeration under the census clause was intended as a description of the only methodol- ogy for counting U.S. The Center for Constitutional Rights (CCR) is a. The group addresses such areas...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P34

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A certificate of acknowledgment is the written statement by a NOTARY PUBLIC , JUSTICE OF THE PEACE , or other authorized officer that sets forth that a person or persons appeared before him or her on a particular date and declared an instrument to be their VOLUNTARY ACT and deed.. A certificate of deposit is prepared by a bank as...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P35

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A judge’s private room or office wherein he or she hears motions, signs papers, and performs other tasks pertaining to his or her office when a session of the court, such as a trial, is not being held.. Business transacted in a private setting is said to be done “in chambers.”. A description of the 1895 title dispute between the...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P36

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His father, Thomas Chase, was a British-born clergyman of the Church of England. Chase studied law in Annapolis, Maryland, at the office of Attorney John Hall from 1759 until he was admitted to the bar in 1763. In 1764 he was elected to the lower house of Maryland’s colonial legislature as a representative of Annapolis and by the early 1770s...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P37

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writing for the Court, acknowledged that the plight of the Cherokee and other Native American tribes was real: They were “gradually sinking beneath our superior policy. Marshall concluded that before the merits of the Cherokee case could be considered, the Court had to determine whether it had jurisdiction to hear the case at all. Marshall stated that the Cherokee tribe...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P38

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Frequently, when the risk of further abuse is immediate and significant, child- protective services agents will place the child temporarily in a foster home. In ex- treme cases, agents may remove the child from the home permanently. following a judicial termination of parental rights, the child is then placed for ADOPTION. The central registry contains informa- tion about child abuse...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P39

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which applies the FULL FAITH AND CREDIT CLAUSE of the U.S.. Specific provisions of the particular child. Supreme Court invalidated the law as unconstitutional, agreeing with a lower court that “the provisions of the so-called taxing act must be naturally and reasonably adapted to the collection of the tax and not solely to the achievement of some other purpose plainly...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P40

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A sample child support guidelines worksheet. Child Support Worksheet. IN THE. COUNTY, KANSAS IN THE MATTER OF:. CHILD SUPPORT WORKSHEET OF. COMPUTATION OF CHILD SUPPORT. Child Support Income. Gross Child Support Obligation**. Parents’ Total Child Support Obligation. Parental Child Support Obligation. Basic Parental Child Support Obligation. 378 CHILD SUPPORT. Less common methods for securing child support owed are the SEIZURE...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P41

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She served on the board of directors of the Brooklyn Home for Aged Colored People and became a prominent member of the Brooklyn branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( NAACP. So well known was Chisholm in Brooklyn by 1964 that she could mount a successful campaign for a seat in the New York State...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P42

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The party offering circumstantial evidence argues that this series of facts, by reason and experience, is so closely associated with the fact to be proved that the fact to be proved may be inferred simply from the existence of the circumstantial evidence.. the accused’s presence at the time and place of the crime. any denials, evasions, or contradictions on the...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P43

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Motions are requests made by the parties for a specific order by the court. In order to hear the suit the court must find that the plaintiff has some legally protectible, tangible interest in the outcome of the litigation. Under Rule 19, a person must be joined if (1) complete relief cannot be accorded to the parties without joining the...

Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 2 P44

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The Civil Rights Acts of 1957 indicated congressional recognition that the federal gov- ernment had to bring about an end to racial discrimination. The Civil Rights Commission was established, and the laws guaranteed quali- fied voters the right to vote, regardless of their color. These laws include the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965, and...