- Detailed Guide: Prostate Cancer Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early?. - Prostate cancer can often be found early by testing the amount of prostate- specific antigen (PSA), discussed in detail below, in your blood. - Prostate cancer may also be found on a digital rectal exam (DRE), in which your doctor inserts a gloved finger into the rectum. - Since the use of early detection tests for prostate cancer became fairly common (about 1990), the prostate cancer death rate has dropped. - Because of an elevated PSA level, some men may be diagnosed with a prostate cancer that would never have caused any symptoms or lead to their death. - If you are young and develop prostate cancer, it will probably shorten your life if it is not caught early. - If you are older or in poor health, then prostate cancer may never become a major problem because it is generally a slow- growing cancer.. - When prostate cancer develops, the PSA level usually goes above 4. - But about 15% of men with a PSA below 4 will have prostate cancer on biopsy. - If your PSA level is in the borderline range between 4 and 10, you have about a 1 in 4 chance of having prostate cancer. - If it is more than 10, your chance of having prostate cancer is over 50% and increases more as your PSA level increases. - The PSA level can also be affected by a number of factors other than prostate cancer:. - It rises with non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate (called♣ benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH), something many men have as they grow older.. - It can also increase with prostatitis, an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland.♣. - This is why it is important to let your doctor know if you are taking any type of supplement. - "How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?") to find out if you have cancer. - The prostate gland is found just in front of the rectum, and most cancers begin in the back part of the gland, which can be felt during a rectal exam. - While it is uncomfortable, the exam causes no pain and only takes a short time.. - For this reason, the American Cancer Society guidelines recommend that when prostate cancer screening is done, both the DRE and PSA blood test should be used.. - The DRE can also be used once a man is known to have prostate cancer to try to determine if it may have spread to nearby tissues and to detect cancer that has come back after treatment.. - Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) uses sound waves to make an image of the prostate on a video screen. - It gives off sound waves, which enter the prostate and create echoes that are picked up by the probe. - A computer turns the pattern of echoes into a black and white image of the prostate.. - You will feel some pressure when the TRUS probe is placed in your rectum, but it is usually not painful.. - TRUS is usually not recommended as a routine test by itself to detect prostate cancer because it doesn't often show early cancer. - Instead, it is most commonly used during a prostate biopsy (described in the next section). - TRUS is used to guide the biopsy needles into the right area of the prostate.. - It can be used to measure the size of the prostate gland, which can help determine the PSA density and may also affect which treatment options a man has. - It is also used as a guide during some forms of treatment such as cryosurgery.. - Signs and Symptoms of Prostate Cancer. - Early prostate cancer usually causes no symptoms and is most often found by a PSA test and/or DRE. - But non-cancerous diseases of the prostate, such as BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) cause these symptoms more often.. - If the prostate cancer is advanced, you might have blood in your urine (hematuria) or trouble getting an erection (impotence). - Advanced prostate cancer commonly spreads to the bones, which can cause pain in the hips, spine, ribs, or other areas. - It is important to tell your doctor if you have any of these problems so that the cause can be found and treate.
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