Có 20+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "giáo trình oxford"
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about adv., prep.. across adv., prep.. all right adj., adv., exclamation ally n., v.. alone adj., adv.. around adv., prep.. as prep., adv., conj.. back n., adj., adv., v.. blonde adj., n., blond adj.. bound adj.: bound to bowl n.. certain adj., pron.. deep adj., adv.. double adj., det., adv., n., v.. down adv., prep.. downstairs adv., adj., n.. early...
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See also. See also Indirect objects. See also Subjectivity/objectivity subjectivity v., 414n9. See also Word- Paradigm model. See also Voice Pastiosity, 1187. construal and f, 77, 77n1, 1181–82. See also specific individuals. radial sets and processes and f, 628nn4–8. See also Location of perspective point. radial sets and, phonology and f, 628nn4–8. See also Profiling;. categorization and f–90f, 91, 92f,...
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Cognitive Linguistics and Linguistic Relativity, 1012 Eric Pederson. Cognitive Linguistics and Anthropological Linguistics, 1045 Gary B. Cognitive Linguistics and Linguistic Typology, 1074 Johan van der Auwera and Jan Nuyts. Cognitive Linguistics and First Language Acquisition, 1092 Michael Tomasello. Cognitive Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, 1139 Martin P€ u utz. State of the Art in Cognitive Poetics, 1175 Margaret H. Cognitive Linguistics...
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palmer (PhD 1971) is emeritus professor of anthropology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Palmer can be reached at [email protected].. klaus-uwe panther (PhD 1976) is professor of English linguistics at the University of Hamburg. With Linda Thornburg, he was one of the first scholars in Cognitive Linguistics to recognize the importance of conceptual metonymy as a natural inference schema...
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Cognitive Linguistics as represented in this Handbook is an approach to the analy- sis of natural language that originated in the late seventies and early eighties in the work of George Lakoff, Ron Langacker, and Len Talmy, and that focuses on language as an instrument for organizing, processing, and conveying information. Given this perspective, the analysis of the conceptual and...
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The first three sections of the book constitute an initial introduction to Cog- nitive Linguistics. Readers who have gone through the twenty-one chapters of the first three sections will have acquired a fairly thorough knowledge of the funda- mental analytic concepts and descriptive models of Cognitive Linguistics and their background. The following three sections of the Handbook apply these basics...
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Methods in cognitive linguistics. Cognitive Linguistics . Corpora in cognitive linguistics:. In Michael Barlow and Suzanne Kemmer, eds., Usage-based models of language vii–xxviii. Cognitive linguistics: An introduction. In Brygida Rudzka-Ostyn, ed., Topics in cognitive linguistics 507–54. Mirroring whose mind—the linguist’s or the language user’s? Cognitive Linguistics 6: 89–130.. Cognitive Linguistics 11: 17–41.. Cognitive Linguistics 11: 61–82.. Usage-based approaches in Cog-...
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An equally important temporal sense of the term ‘‘embodiment’’ refers to the evolutionary changes a species of organism has undergone through- out the course of its genetic history. For example, an account of the gradual differentiation of perceptual information into separate multiple maps, each representing a different frame of reference in the visual system of mammals, could provide an evolutionarily...
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In developing a broader theoretical framework for use in Cognitive Linguistics (see table 2.1), I have made use of Posner and Raichle’s (1994) schematization of the levels of investigation in cognitive science. The most basic organizing criterion of this theoretical framework is the scale of the relative physical sizes of the phenomena which produce the different kinds of social, cognitive,...
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One of the first construal operations to have been recognized as linguistically highly relevant is the ‘‘Figure/Ground’’ distinction, well known from studies in Gestalt psychology. In visual perception, one element may be the focus of attention—the ‘‘Figure. it is perceived as a prominent coherent element and set off against the rest of what is in the field of vision—the. while...
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So, certainly with respect to linguistically coded conceptualizations, Langacker’s initial way of construing the construal relationship may be treated as a special case of a somewhat more complex configuration that incorporates the insight that language use comprises more than one subject of conceptualization. The ‘‘ground’’ of any linguistic usage event consists of two conceptualizers—. the ‘‘communicator’’ (conceptualizer 1 in figure...
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The fact that in front position frankly takes elements of the ground (the utterance itself and how it may be taken by the addressee) as its base and not the object of conceptualization implies that the construal relation itself is in this case even less profiled than in the case of epistemic may, so that this frankly-sentence exemplifies the highly...
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In Andreas Blank and Peter Koch, eds., Historical semantics and cog- nition 147–75. Sandra Pen˜a Cervel, eds., Cognitive Linguistics: Internal dynamics and interdisciplinary interaction 101–59. Levinson, eds., Language acquisition and conceptual development 566–88. In Theo Janssen and Gisela Redeker, eds., Cognitive linguistics: Foundations, scope, and methodology 223–55. Levinson, eds., Rethinking linguistic relativity 70–96. Stein, Dieter, and Susan Wright, eds., 1995....
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Figure 4.3a exemplifies this sort of structure, with P as prototype and S as highest-level schema. By raising the threshold of salience in figure 4.3a to such a degree that the schemas in dashed-line and thin-line boxes are ignored, the structure in 4.3b will result. This structure is essentially equivalent (except for retaining the relatively salient schemas S 1 and...
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This is the mechanism by which Cognitive Grammar accounts for the occur- rence of novel formations. Schematic patterns sanction both established and novel structures, and a novel structure is automatically acceptable to the degree that it directly elaborates a well-established, elaboratively close schema or set of schemas.. Although a schema in such a case is a kind of rule, it...
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two ships sailing from San Francisco to Boston a century and a half apart are blended into a race between one ship and the ghost of the other. It is probably feasible to claim that all cases of blends consist of appropriately configured arrays of schematic and partially schematic relationships among cog- nitive structures, elaborating or differing in various ways...
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The second usage of the notion of salience, ‘‘ontological salience. is not related to temporary activation states of concepts but to more or less stable properties of entities in the world. For example, a dog has a better attention-attracting potential than the field over which it is running. Therefore, it is likely that observers of the scene will be more...
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These properties explain the questionable status of the Figure/Ground rever- sals in (7) and (8). Table 5.1 shows, furthermore, that the char- acteristics of Figure and Ground are not absolute but relative in nature, and that not all of them pertain to the entities themselves or to how people tend to perceive them.. Another caveat is in order here: the...
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it carries in the analysis of meaning. In this respect, Cognitive Linguistics tries to do justice to earlier opinions like that of Stephen Ullmann (whose 1951 book is an excellent overview of the development of linguistic semantics from its nineteenth-century beginnings to the middle of the twentieth century), who stated that polysemy is ‘‘the pivot of se- mantic analysis ....