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The grammar of the english verb phrase part 101

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This shows that the use of an absolute tense in a before -clause is not a priori impossible.. As usual, the claim that a before -clauses can in principle use either a relative or an absolute tense form is difficult to corroborate when the verb form is in the past tense, because there is no formal difference between an absolute...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 102

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important than the logical relation: the head clause expresses a kind of (pre)condition for the actualization of the before -clause situation, and the before -clause is the head clause (expressing q ) of what is semantically an. In this case the use of the future tense in the before -clause is quite normal:. You will need to register as a...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 103

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Neither clause uses a tense relating its situation time to the situation time of the other clause, because both establish a past domain of their own. However, the temporal W-relation between the situation times is indicated by before ⫺ see Figure 14.4 in section 14.4.1.. 14.6 Absolute tense in the head clause and relative tense in the before -clause. 14.6.1...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 104

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Because of this, the Anchor time is felt to be the time when the state immedi- ately resulting from the before -clause situation is holding. However, apart from this ‘immediate result reading’, the sentence may also allow a ‘perfect of experience’ interpretation: ‘John left before Bill had ever been inside’. It comes to the fore only if a word like...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 105

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I will be glad if my son is already feeling somewhat better before he has attended half of the prescribed therapy sessions.. 14.7.7 Another case in which both the head clause and the before -clause use a relative tense is illustrated by the following:. This is special only in that the tense of the head clause is not a pure...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 106

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before -clause. The function of the measure phrase is then to specify the distance between the contained orientation time of the head clause and the W-posterior Anchor time:. This complex temporal structure can be made explicit by the use of adverbials measuring the length of the time spans corresponding with the two anteriority relations. As is clear from this paraphrase,...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 107

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It was a long time before all the cases had been unpacked. [The stockpiling of treatment began and] it was a long time before enough had been stored . The past perfect situations are obviously interpreted as t 0 -factual. If we want to do no more than represent the before -clause situation as not-yet-factual (i. put emphasis on the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 108

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The temporal structure of the conjunction after is represented by Figure 14.12.. 14.17 The temporal structure of after. 14.17.1 In the same way as before means ‘before the time when’, the conjunc- tion after is semantically equivalent to ‘after the time {that / when / at which}’.. In the paraphrase ‘after the time {that / when / at which. the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 110

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14.22 Summary of the discussion of after -clauses. 14.22.1 The most common tense configurations in sentences consisting of a head clause and an after -clause referring to the past are illustrated by the following sentences:. John arrived after Mary left.. John arrived after Mary had left.. The temporal W-relation between the two central orienta- tion times is expressed by after....

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 111

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Anteriority is W-anteriority if A is interpreted as anterior to B in the possible world referred to. Thus, in John was born in London and died in Glasgow , the former situation is interpreted as W-anterior to the latter, but it is not represented as T-anterior to it: the two past tense forms merely locate the times of the two...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 112

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negation which has only one constituent of the clause in its scope (e. Constitution reading (or constitution interpretation): particular type of up-to- now reading of a clause in the present perfect, namely that reading in which the speaker focuses on the situational constitution of the pre-present zone and not only on the temporal location of a situation in that zone....

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 113

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but it was not yet a fact at the time of the head clause situation and the speaker leaves it vague whether Bill eventually arrived or not.). Factual full situation: In clauses in one of the perfect tenses with a continuative reading, this term refers to that part of the full situation that has actualized in a period leading up...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 114

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typical of implicatures that they can be blocked or cancelled by the context – see implicate for examples.. Implicature of discontinuation: implicature attached to the use of the absolute past tense when the full situation is homogeneous and there is no linguistic or contextual indication that the situation time. time of the predicated situa- tion) is included in (and hence...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 115

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t 0 ) as well as the post-present and the pre-present or the past, and is therefore compatible with any of the four absolute tenses: He’s doing it today , He finally did it today , He’s done it today , He’ll do it later today. Narrative time clause: time clause which does not specify an Adv-time (contain- ing the...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 116

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would do it tomorrow , but that is irrelevant to the definition of ‘past temporal domain’. A domain is a past domain if and only if its central orientation time is located in the past time-sphere.. which locates a situation time in the past time-sphere and in doing so establishes a past domain, and the relative past tense (or ‘rela-...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 117

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Presupposition: proposition which is assumed to be true by the speaker when he makes his utterance, in other words, a pragmatic condition which is as- sumed to be fulfilled. Preterite: tense locating a situation time in a domain in the past time-sphere.. See also past tense (a)–(b).. Principle of Unmarked Temporal Interpretation: strategy for the interpretation of temporal W-relations when...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 118

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‘indirect reported speech’ (e. He said that he was ill. In the latter case there is no reporting clause like He said … and what is a subclause in indirect reported speech appears as an independent clause (e. Note that in both types, and especially in the latter, speech should be interpreted as also including thought rather than just spoken...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 119

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For example, in Meg had seen Jill , the situation time of had seen is ‘(temporally) bound by’ (or ‘temporally subordinated to’) an orientation time which is not explicitly referred to but forms part of a past temporal domain. Strictly speaking, it is only situation times that can be bound, but by extension we can also apply the label to...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 120

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a book in It was a book that I gave him, What I gave him was a book , I gave him a book , A book was what I gave him. a book in What I gave him was a book. in progress) by the speaker referring to that progressive situation. For example, in each of the following sentences...

The grammar of the english verb phrase part 121

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absolute deictic relation 485, 490 absolute deictic time-specifying adver-. adverbial see absolute deictic time- specifying adverbial, actualization ad- verbial, bifunctional adverbial, deictic time-specifying adverbial, duration adverbial, durative time-specifying adverbial, inclusive duration adver- bial, multiple-orientation-time adver- bial, multi-zone adverbial, nondeic- tic time-specifying adverbial, nonin- clusive adverbial, orientation-time adverbial, past zone adverbial, pre- present zone adverbial, punctual time-specifying adverbial, pure dura- tion...