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II.7.4 Carbamate pesticides. Among many carbamate pesticides commercially available in Japan, those with relatively high toxicities are shown in >. Carbamate pesticides are generally classifi ed into N-methylcarbamate insecticides and N-allylcarbamate herbicides in view of their chemical structures and biological actions. Th e toxicity of carbamate pesticides is due to inhibition of acetylcho- linesterase (AchE) by their binding with the...
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II.7.5 Paraquat and diquat. However, in 1986, mixture products of paraquat plus diquat with lower toxicity appeared;. It is necessary to separetely detect paraquat and diquat, when specimens obtained from a victim of poisoning by a paraquat-containing product are analyzed. For simultaneous analysis of paraquat and diquat, the methods by HPLC [2–5], GC [6], double wavelength spectropho- tometry [7] and...
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II.7.6 Cresol. Since various kinds of more powerful and odorless disinfectants have nowadays become available in practical use, the frequency in the use of cresol seems decreasing. Th e toxic eff ects of cresol are due to its corrosive actions, resulting in the destruction of cell membranes and coagulation of proteins, and its suppressive action on the central nervous sys-...
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II.7.7 Diazine and triazine herbicides. Diazine and triazine herbicides are being widely used in the world. Th ese herbicides inhibit the electron-transport system in the higher plants and thus suppress the photosynthesis, resulting in the herbicidal action. Th e attention is usually directed toward chronic toxicities of the herbicides [3]. Although the acute toxicities of the compounds are usually considered...
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II.7.8 Coumarin rodenticides. Th e coumarin rodenticides do not show direct anti- coagulant action causing bleeding, but inhibit the metabolic cycle of vitamin K. the inhibition causes the interference with protein biosynthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulant factors (II, VII, IX and X factors) in the liver, which are very important for the blood coagulation system. Th e lowered coagulant factors...
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Th ey are called “ nuclear weapon of the poor”, because the weapons are relatively stable during storage, cheap for production and relatively easily synthesized with basic knowledge on organic chemistry. Main advanced countries are making eff orts to reduce chemical weapons existing in the world on the basis of the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC), aft er the Iran-Iraq...
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Figure 2.1) shows potent inhibitory action on acetylcholinesterase. In the world history, there had been no records on the use of VX in any international dis- pute. Th e very high poisoning potency of VX proven in the inci- dent surprised the whole world with a shock and anxiety.. VX is easily hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions, and also in the...
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II.8.3 Sodium azide. As one of azide salts, lead azide is well known, because it is used as a detonator for air bags of automobiles. Recently, sodium azide has been frequently used for suicides and homi- cidal attempts. In this chapter, therefore, analytical methods are described only for sodium azide.. Sodium azide a is being well used as an antiseptic...
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II.8.4 Arsenic compounds and other inorganic poisons. Th e poison, which had been used in the Wakayama Curry Poisoning Incident was an arsenite a , a classical poison. Diarsenic trioxide ( As 2 O 3 , arsenic (III) oxide) is a trivalent arsenic compound and thus highly toxic, in contrast to less toxic pentavalent arsenates b being widely distributed in...
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II.8.5 Nitrate and nitrite compounds. Th e fatal methemoglobinemia is rare, but fatal ones aft er ingestion of nitrate or nitrite were reported [2–6].. For analysis of nitrate or nitrite in blood plasma or serum, the methods by ion chlomatog- raphy [7] and GC/MS [8] were reported. In this chapter, a method for GC analysis of nitrate and nitrite in...
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In 1938, Evelyn and Malloy [1] had devised a photoelectric method for determination of Met-Hb in blood. Th ese methods are based on a phenomenon that the absorbance maximum of weakly acidic Met-Hb at 630 nm disappears by addition of cyanide.. Met-Hb concentration can be easily determined as the ratios of the absorbance changes in- duced by cyanide before and...