Có 20+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "phòng chống nghiện ma tuý"
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Kanako Watanabe Department of Legal Medicine. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of...
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Blood, urine and stomach contents (including gastric lavage fl uid and vomitus) are usually used as specimens for analysis of drugs and poisons for living subjects. A blood concentration of a toxin can be an indicator for estimation of intoxication degree. Stomach contents can be a useful specimen for identifi cation of a toxin, only when the time aft er...
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analysis of drugs and poisons. In the autopsy cases, the source of blood sampled should be recorded exactly. the high concentrations of drugs present in the lung, heart and liver can diff use into the surrounding tissues, resulting in higher drug concentrations in blood there [6]. When a large amount of a drug is present in the stom- ach, it...
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Extraction methods are used for removal of such proteins and lipids existing in large amounts in biological matrices, for removal of impurity compounds interfering with chromatographic separation, for conden- sation of a target compound, and for removal of compounds causing troubles (such as obstruc- tion of chromatographic columns and contamination of a detector) in instrumental analysis.. However, in view of...
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Around that time, the use of GC/MS started in the fi eld of medicine. Th erefore, an ideal procedure for analysis of drugs and poisons was considered to be the screening by TLC, fol- lowed by the fi nal identifi cation and quantitation by GC/MS.. Figure 5.1 shows a fl owchart of the current analytical procedure for human specimens. Since...
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I.6 A computer system for. diagnosis of causative drugs and poisons developed by. the Japan Poison Information Center (Tokyo). In the arsenic-adulteration incident of Wakayama, the identifi cation of the causative poison was delayed for some time. [1] have constructed a database for estimation of a causative toxin (assisting system for diagnosis of a causative toxin) according to clinical symptoms...
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I.7 Practical use of the. poison-net developed by the Japan Information Network (Hiroshima). About 30 years ago, one of the authors started the analysis of drugs and poisons at the Department of Legal Medicine, Hiroshima University School of Medicine. Th e authors started creating a com- munication network fi rst with letters, followed by telephone calls, facsimile, personal computer communication...
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Th e identifi cation of a causative toxin is one of the most important tasks in emergency medi- cine. Th e Ministry of Health and Wel- fare of Japan decided to distribute an X-ray fl uorescence spectrometer to be used for metal analysis together with an HPLC instrument with a photodiode array detector to be used for drug analysis to...
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I.9 Analysis of chemical warfare agents and their related. When unknown toxic substances should be analyzed upon the occurrence of chemical terrorism, much more kinds of poisons and related compounds become the objects of analysis. In the Chemical Weapons Convention ( CWC) a , 120 thousand compounds b , including typical chemical warfare agents, their related compounds, precursors and decomposition...
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II.1.1 Carbon monoxide. Th e incidence of carbon monoxide ( CO) poisoning is highest among those of various poison- ings in forensic science practice. about 2/3 of the total accidental poisoning deaths is due to CO poisoning in Japan [1]. However, during recent years, city gas is being replaced by natural gas containing no CO, resulting in drastic decrease of...
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Hydrogen sulfi de ( H 2 S) is a colorless gas with the smell of putrid eggs. Th e ratio of the nonionic form to the total ionized one is infl uenced by concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution. As toxic eff ects of H 2 S, it (at higher than 700 ppm) acts on the central nervous system...
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Cyanide is also included in some plants, such as some beans and Japanese plums, in the forms of its glycosides. by ingesting such plants, HCN is sometimes released from the glycosides in the stomach. In the tropical areas, it is also contained in cassaba. Th ere are many kinds of qualitative and quantitative methods for analysis of cyanide in wide...
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II.1.4 Methanol and formic acid. Methanol poisoning is not due to the eff ect of methanol itself, but due to toxicity of its metabolites. Formic acid inhibits cytochrome oxidase in the optic nerves, and causes visual disturbances followed by the loss of eyesight. Th e accumulation of formic acid in the body provokes severe acidosis, which is characteristic for methanol...
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close relation can be observed between ethanol and crimes/accidents. GC analysis of ethanol using the conventional packed columns is described in many of literature [1, 2]. In this chapter, a quantitative method is presented for GC analysis of ethanol in blood and urine using headspace extraction and wide-bore capillary columns. an ultra-sensi- tive analysis of breath ethanol is also given.....
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and dichloromethane. Recently, dichloromethane has become of interest as a substitute of chlorofl uorocarbon, because the latter was found to accelerate the depletion of the ozone layer and is in the line of being abolished completely.. Since both chloroform and dichloromethane are volatile compounds, their analysis is usu- ally made by the headspace extraction and GC detection. A 337- µ...
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II.1.7 Toluene, benzene, xylene and styrene. Th e above four solvents are rapidly absorbed into human body by inhalation, per os and percutaneously to cause various disturbances, such as suppression of the central nervous system. its fl ow rate: 5.0 mL/min.. 150 Toluene, benzene, xylene and styrene. A 0.5 mL volume of whole blood, 20 µ L (200 µ g)...
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II.1.8 Alkyl nitrites. Alkyl nitrites are highly volatile organic solvents of aliphatic alcohol esters of nitrites [1]. Amyl nitrite a , butyl nitrite and isobutyl nitrite are the representative alkyl nitrites. Amyl nitrite is being widely used as a detoxicant for cyanide poisoning, because alkyl nitrites oxidize hemoglobin in erythrocytes to yield methemogloblin, which is bound with cyanide to inactivate...
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II.1.9 Components of gasoline and kerosene. Th is chapter deals with analysis of hydrocarbons of C 3 –C 16 being included in automobile gasoline, purifi ed kero- sene (No.1 kerosene), automobile light oil for a diesel engine and liquefi ed petroleum (LP) gas.. Th e petroleum oils, such as gasoline and kerosene, are frequently detected from specimens in fi re...
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Because of such harmfulness of the drugs, their use and possession are prohibited by the Stimulant Drugs Control Law in Japan [1]. it is regarded as the 3rd peak period of MA abuse [2]. Most of MA being abused is the one smuggled from abroad.. Unchanged MA, its metabolite AP and p-hydroxymethamphetamine ( pOHMA) a are usu- ally detected from...
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and their metabolites. Th e word “ hashish” is mainly used for the resin of the cannabis plant. For such legal control, analysis of cannabis components and their metabolites is required for plant specimens and human specimens.. Th e major metabolic pathway of ∆ 9 -THC is shown in >. the methyl group in the 11-position is oxidized to produce...