Có 40+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "phòng chống nghiện ma tuý"
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Since morphine and codeine are fi nally excreted into urine in the conjugated forms with glucuronic acid [1–3], it is necessary to hydrolyze the conjugated forms of these compounds before GC/MS analysis.. Th e detection of 6-acetylmorphine is recommendable for diagnosis of heroin use, because of its relatively long half-life in the body [4].. in the near future, LC/MS may...
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II.2.4 Cocaine. and its metabolites. Cocaine is an alkaloid being contained in the leaves of Erythroxylon coca Lam. its abuse is most serious in the north and south American continents. In this chapter, the methods of extraction a and GC/MS analysis for cocaine and its main metabolites, such as ecgonine methyl ester ( EME) and benzoylecgonine ( BE), in urine...
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there are many cases of pentazocine abuse especially for medical and co-medical workers. In this chapter, a simple method for GC/MS analysis of pentazocine in human whole blood and urine is presented.. Structures of pentazocine and dextromethorphan (IS).. Pentazocine and dextromethorphan solutions: the drugs are separately dissolved in appro- priate amount of methanol. a 10–20 µ L aliquot was added...
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In Japan, the amount of seizure of LSD is much smaller than that of methamphetamine. 3,500 tablets of LSD were seized in 1996, while 53,043 tablets in 2000 (about 15-fold increase), arousing a serious concern about the phenom- enon.. Th e strong hallucinogenic activity of LSD was confi rmed by Albert Hofmann who did synthesize the compound. the pharmaco- logical...
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Of the MDAs, MDA, MDMA and MDEA are strictly controlled by laws b. Some GC/MS and LC/MS studies have revealed that they contain various amounts of MDAs (in most cases ranging from 50 to 150 mg per tablet) as the primary ingredient, sometimes smaller amounts of amphetamines and/or other pharmaceutical agents, such as caff eine and ketamine [4, 5].. MDMA,...
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Illicit use of PCP fi rst appeared during mid-1960s along the West Coast, and then peaked in the United States in 1979. However, daily use of PCP has remained stable among young school seniors over the past decade. In this chapter, a detailed procedure for simple GC/MS analysis of PCP in blood and urine is pre- sented.. Structures of PCP...
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Th e methods by GC and GC/MS are relatively simple, but most of the methods reported used packed columns or wide-bore capillary columns [5, 6], which did not give high sensi- tivity.. Hattori et al. Although the SID detector has an advan- tage in that each compound having a tertiary amino group can be analyzed with high sensitiv- ity and...
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Th eir anal- ysis is being made by GC [1–4], GC/MS [5–6], HPLC [7–15] and LC/MS [16,17]. the most typical ones are haloperidol and bromperidol, which most frequently cause poisoning incidents among butyro- phenones. Th ese drugs are rapidly metabolized in human bodies into reduced haloperidol and reduced bromperidol, respectively. In this chapter, the methods of GC/MS, HPLC and LC/MS...
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II.3.3 Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Many of antidepressants exert their eff ects by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin and by accerelating the release of them at synaptic terminals of neurons in the brain.. this is the reason why they are called “ tricyclic antidepressants or tetracyclic antidepressants”.. About 10 kinds of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are now being...
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it means that the ratio of the LD 50 to the ED 50. Because of its safety, benzodiazepines are being widely used in the world. Some of benzodiazepines are also being abused or used for so-called “ drug facilitated sexual assault”, and thus they are under the control of the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law. in Japan, triazolam abuse has...
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Because of the easiness of getting it, bromisovalum is one of the most important drugs in poisoning in Japan.. Th e analysis of bromisovalum is being made by GC [1, 2], GC/MS [3], HPLC [4, 5] and LC/MS [6–8]. In this chapter, three kinds of methods for extraction of bromisovalum from blood and urine and its HPLC analysis are presented.....
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Figure 6.1 and >. A majority of the barbiturate drugs is being controlled by the Narcotics. Structures of barbiturates.. Th e analysis of barbiturates in human specimens is being made by GC [2–6], GC/. MS HPLC [10–13], LC/MS/MS [14], capillary electrophoresis [15] and immu- noassays [16, 17]. In this chapter, usual methods for analysis of barbiturates by GC and HPLC...
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II.4.1 Diphenylmethane antihistaminics. Diphenylmethane antihistaminics are being widely used for treatments of allergy, motion (travel) sickness and cold. In this chapter, a GC method for simultaneous analysis of diphenylmethane antihistaminics and also HPLC methods for some representative drugs of this group are pre- sented.. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, diphenylpyraline hydrochloride, phenyltoloxamine citrate, orphenadrine hydrochloride, benactyzine hydrochloride, doxylamine succinate, carbinoxamine maleate, chlorpheniramine maleate,...
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II.4.2 Propionic acid derivative analgesic-antipyretics. Propionic acid derivative analgesic-antipyretics ( >. Table 2.1) are non-steroidal and anti- infl ammatory drugs. Although fatal cases due to propionic acid derivative analgesic-antipyretics are not many in the world, the incidence of poisoning (including survived cases) by this drug group is relatively high among therapeutic drugs in Japan [1].. Analyses of propionic acid derivative...
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In this chapter, HPLC methods for analysis of APAP and its metabo- lites are presented.. Structure of acetaminophen.. HPLC analysis of APAP and its metabolites in serum [18]. APAP and its metabolites a ( APAP-glucuronide and APAP-N-sulfate) are dissolved in methanol to prepare 1–200 µ g/mL solutions for calibration curves.. fl ow rate: 1.5 mL/min. Th e various concentrations of...
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II.4.4 Acetylsalicylic acid. Acetylsalicylic acid ( ASA, aspirin. Structure of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).. HPLC analysis of ASA and its metabolites in plasma [16]. ASA, salicylic acid, gentisic acid and salicyluric acid can be purchased from Sigma (St.. ASA is dissolved in acetonitrile to prepare 1 mg/mL solution.. Bayer, Leverkusen, Germany and other manufacturers) is dissolved in purifi ed water to...
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For analysis of antiepileptics, methods using HPLC [2–15], LC/MS [16], GC [17, 18] and GC/MS [19,20] were reported. In this chapter, two HPLC methods, dealing with analysis of phenytoin and other antiepileptics together with their metabolites in serum [11] and plasma [15], are presented.. HPLC analysis of antiepileptics in serum [11]. By diluting the 1 mg/mL solution with methanol, solutions...
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II.4.6 Muscle relaxants. Muscle relaxants can be classifi ed into the peripheral-and central-acting drug types ( >. Th e drugs of the peripheral type are also called neuromuscular blocking agents. Th e peripheral- acting muscle relaxants are being used for muscle relaxation upon endotracheal intubation and/or general anaesthesia for surgical operation. Th e central-acting muscle relaxants are used for treat-...
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In the brain, the drugs attenuate migraine by suppressing the dilation of blood vessels. in the eye, they decrease intraocular pressure by suppressing the production of aqueous humor. Since the drugs are also eff ective in suppressing muscle quivering and in suppressing overreaction of the thyroid gland upon being too nervous, they are used as doping drugs in competitive sports...
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II.4.8 Local anaesthetics. Local anaesthetics reversibly block neural transmission in local tissues. Local anaesthetics can be classifi ed into ester-type and amide-type drugs according to their structures. Both types of the drugs diff er in the mode of metabolism and chemical stability. Th e ester-type local anaesthetics are easily hydrolyzed by the action of pseudocholinesterase in blood plasma, and are...