Có 240+ tài liệu thuộc chủ đề "tiểu luận triết học"
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The second proposition, that the non-I is determined by the I, gives rise to the practical Wissenschaftslehre, and this is, for Fichte, crucial to the I’s construction of the world.. In other works of the period, notably The Science of Rights (1796–7. Fichte’s doctrines so far are well summarized in The Vocation of Man (1800. New York, 1956), in which...
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It appears that Plato was led to the theory in the first place by con- sidering such types as the type of person who is virtuous, but he then extended it to many other types. Although they appear concerned with origins, Foucault insisted that his topic was the implicit know- ledge that underlay and made possible specific practices, institutions, and...
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auguste comte expounded in the 1830s a positivist theory of knowledge, and put forward sociology as the newest and most complex of the sciences.. parallel to this was his distinction of the roles of intuition and intellect in acquisition of knowledge.. maurice merleau-ponty argued that a person’s appre- hension of the outside world is a two-way process: each, in different...
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Where a free variable α occurs in Φ the application of the rule binds the variable. Formalizations specify condi- tions and syntactic restrictions for application of the rule to ensure that the inferences are valid. An example of a valid application of the rule is the inference of. The doctrine of the general will is found in the writings of...
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He sought to recover an authentic version of Thomism which he understood to focus on the primacy of existence in the account of being. Sometimes, the sceptic’s claims have been said to be incoherent in the sense that to be true, or even to make sense at all, they require assumptions which make them false. Alternatively, the claims have been...
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Goodman’s *nominal- ism is sometimes described as a rejection of classes, but may best be summed up in his words: ‘the nominalist rec- ognizes no distinction of entities without a distinction of content’. Such a view is of course compatible with a concern about the conse- quences of action—but only so long as the supreme value of the good will...
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Problems for the view are especially salient in the ethics of creation. A further problem is avoiding a collapse of the notion of harm into the related notion of wrong, or being wronged.. Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, best known for contributions in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, and ethics. and elimination rules governing a logical constant which renders...
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thinking about past events we change ourselves, so that our situation and the problems it presents are now import- antly different from those of the past. As a philosopher, Hegel inclined to aloof objectivity, to detached observation of the conflicts of the past and the fates of the opposing, but interdependent, parties—fac- tions, states, religions, philosophies, and so on. (Conflict,...
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The name of Hermes, the messenger of the Greek gods, gave rise to herme¯neuein, ‘to interpret’, and herme¯neutike (techne. Friedrich Schleiermacher the great Protestant theologian and Plato scholar, gave in lectures, from 1819 on, a systematic theory of the interpretation of texts and speech. ‘understand the text at first as well as and then even better than its author’: ‘Since...
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Thus speculative theorists have sought to answer substantive questions dealing with such matters as the significance or possible purpose of the his- torical process and the factors fundamentally responsible for historical development and change. In doing so, they have been inspired by the conviction that history raises issues which transcend the mostly limited concerns of the ordinary working historian and...
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more wonderful and more terrible than anything else in the universe—the power to make themselves and the world around them. The metaphor of the horizon has first proved useful in phenomenological the- ory of perception (Husserl, Merleau-Ponty). Successful *interpretation is conceived as a dia- logue between interpreter and text, reaching a new under- standing of the subject-matter in a ‘fusion...
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The transcendental ego or ‘transcendental subjectivity’ cannot itself be bracketed, any more than Cartesian doubt can extend to the existence of the doubter. (It is a mistake to suppose that Husserl’s *idealism can only be avoided if we reject the methodological use of epoche. The Hague, 1960) Husserl tried to relieve phenomenology of the charge that it entails solip- sism...
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What is the structure of ideological explanations of beliefs and values? Is there a credible theory of the social psychological mechanisms by which social interests or symbolic needs shape individuals’ beliefs and values in the unacknowledged ways that are presupposed when ideolo- gies are claimed to have a functional role?. Finally, what does normative use of the concept of ideology...
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The flux theory of the Buddhists: the cause perishes before the effect arises.. khya: the effect slumbers in the material cause, with which it is sub- stantially identical.. (E2) If the pot was already there in the clay, the potter’s effort must have been in vain, unless it is said to produce something non-pre-existent, namely the pot’s structure. and not...
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Hersch Lauterpacht, ‘The Definition and Nature of International Law and its Place in Jurisprudence’, in his Collected Works, i (Cambridge, 1970).. In the absence of a global authority that might serve as the source of the required rules, they are derived instead from the tacit or explicit consent of existing states—hence from customs, treaties, and conventions—or from some version of...
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his acclaimed pupil Molla¯ S.adra¯, and other members of the School of Isfahan. Logic is sep- arated and discussed in independent works which include the subject-matter of the traditional Isagoge, exclude the Categories and the Poetics, and are divided into three parts:. Among the philosophical problems extensively discussed, and reformulated and refined by Molla¯ S.adra¯, the following stands out: the...
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Using relatively simple mathematical and logical machinery, he developed materials from Thomas Bayes, Frank Ramsey, and others into what amounts to a version of the ancient Sceptic Sextus Empiricus’ dream of solving practical and theoretical problems by appeal to one’s own desires, preferences, and subjective impres- sions, without assuming any objective knowledge. Much of his work was pioneering and influential,...
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The second part of the third Critique is concerned with teleological judgement, particularly its role in biology. It also includes a lengthy appendix, however, in which Kant articulates his views on the relationship between tele- ology, theology, and morality and sketches his philosophy of history, together with his views on culture and its rela- tion to the moral development of...
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Bishop and theologian of the Unitas Fratrum (Moravian Brethren), exiled in the period of Counter-Reformation. So con- ceived, his philosophy aimed at a grandiose reform of peda- gogy in the spirit of modern didactic realism. The reigning theme of Korean phil- osophy is irenic fusionism, as evidenced by the way of the flow of wind (poong-ryu-do) that is the substratum...
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Smith, ‘Understanding Language’, Proceedings of the Aris- totelian Society (1992).. language, problems of the philosophy of. It is evident that these relationships are intimately connected to the very meaning of the words involved (either being determined by that meaning, or perhaps themselves playing an important role in fixing it). Logic studies the nature of these inferences, and a common elem-...